711  STRUCTURAL STEEL AND STRUCTURE INCIDENTALS

711.01  Structural Steel.  Furnish structural steel conforming to  ASTM A 709, Grade 36 (A36), 50 (A572),  50W (A588), or 70W.

Ensure that materials designated to meet notch toughness requirements have a minimum longitudinal Charpy V-Notch (CVN) energy absorption value as listed below.  Sample and test according to ASTM A 673/A 673M.  Use the (H) frequency of heat testing and provide the test data as required by 501.06.

ASTM

Designation

Thickness and Connection Method

Value Min CVN

A709 Gr. 36 (A36, A36M)

Up to 4 in (102 mm) mechanically fastened or welded

15 ft-lb @ 40 °F

(20 J @ 4 °C)

A709 Gr. 50 (A 572/A 572M),

A709 Gr. 50W (A 588/A 588M)

Up to 4 in (102 mm) mechanically fastened

15 ft-lb @ 40 °F[1]

(20 J @ 4 °C)

A709 Gr. 50 (A 572/A 572M),

A709 Gr. 50W (A 588/A 588M)

Over 2 to 4 in (51 to 102 mm) welded

20 ft-lb @ 40 °F[1]

(20 J @ 4 °C)

A709 Gr. 50 (A 572/A 72M),

A709 Gr. 50W (A 588/A 588M)

Up to 2 in (51 mm) welded

15 ft-lb @ 40 °F[1]

(20 J @ 4 °C)

A709 Gr. 70W

 

Up to 4 in (100 mm) mechanically fastened or welded

2515 ft-lb @ -10 40 °F[1]

(34 20 J @ -23  °C)

[1]  If the yield point of the material exceeds 65 ksi (448 MPa), the temperature of the CVN value for acceptability should be reduced by 15 °F (8.3 °C) for each increment, or part of increment, of 10 ksi (69 MPa) above 65 ksi (448 MPa).

 

711.02  Galvanized Steel.  Furnish galvanize steel according to ASTM A 123 after cutting, bending, and welding.  At the discretion of the Engineer, replace, re-galvanize, or repair damaged galvanized material.  If a repair is authorized, use a method acceptable to the Engineer.  Do not use galvanizing spray.

Furnish bolts, nuts, washers, and similar threaded fasteners that are galvanized according to ASTM A 153.  These items may be mechanically zinc coated according to ASTM B 695, Class 50.  Except for ASTM A 325 (ASTM A 325M) bolts, electrogalvanizing may also be used if the coated item meets the thickness coating requirements of ASTM A 153.

711.03  Steel for Piling.  Furnish steel for H-piling conforming to ASTM A 572 Grade 50 / A 572M Grade 345.  Furnish steel for sheet piling according to ASTM A 328/A 328M.

711.04  Cold Rolled Steel.  Furnish cold rolled steel according to ASTM A 108, Grades 1016 through 1030 for pins, rollers, trunnions, and other similar parts.

711.07  Steel Castings.  Furnish steel castings according to ASTM A 27/A 27M, Grade 65-35 or Grade 70-36, with the following modification:

Ensure that steel castings are free from pouring faults, sponginess, cracks, blow holes, and other defects in positions affecting their strength and value for the service intended.  No sharp, unfilleted angles or corners are allowed.

711.08  Arc-Welding Electrodes and Fluxes.  The following applies to all steel, except for exposed bare ASTM A 242/A 242M and ASTM A709 Grade 50W (A 588/A 588M) steels.  For exposed bare ASTM A 242/A 242M and A709 Grade 50W (A 588/A 588M) applications, see Table 711.08-1.

A.      Manual shielded metal-arc welding.

1.       AWS A5.1 Low Hydrogen Only

2.       AWS A5.5 Low Hydrogen Only

B.        Submerged Arc Welding

1.       AWS 5.175

2.       AWS 5.235

C.      Gas metal-arc welding,   AWS A 5.185

D.      Flux cored arc welding, AWS A5.205

Table 711.08-1

Filler metal requirements for exposed bare applications of

ASTM A 242/A 242M and ASTM A709 Grade 50W (A 588/A 588M) steel.

Welding Process

Shielded metal arc

Submerged arc[5]

Gas metal arc or Flux cored arc[2],[4], [5]

AWS A5.5

AWS A5.23

AWS A5.28 and 5.29

E8015, 8016, or 8018 electrodes that deposit weld metal meeting C1, C1L, C2, C2L, C3, or W analysis

All electrode-flux combinations that deposit weld metal with a Ni1, Ni2, Ni3, Ni4, or W analysis  [2],[3]

 All electrode-flux combinations that deposit weld metal with a Ni1, Ni2, Ni3, Ni4, or W analysis

 

[2]  Deposited weld metal will have a minimum impact strength of CVN 20 ft-lb (27 J) at 0 °F (-18 °C) (only applied to bridges).

[3]  The use of the same type filler metal having next higher mechanical properties as listed in AWS specification is permitted.

[4]  Deposited weld metal will have a chemical composition the same as that for any one of the weld metals in this table for the shielded metal arc welding process.

[5]  In conformance with those classifications allowed under AWS D1.5 Bridge Welding Code, Tables 4.1 and 4.2.

 

The Laboratory will issue a list of approved electrodes and combinations of shielding.  The Laboratory will include electrodes in the list when certified test data submitted by the manufacturer is found in compliance with the specified requirements.  The certification will cover either process qualification or quality control tests.  To qualify, such tests must be made within one year before the period covered.  For each submission of certified test data, include the manufacturer’s statement that it will advise the Laboratory immediately of any change in materials or processing used in the manufacture of the electrodes made within one year from the date of the tests.

When electrodes to be used are not included in the Laboratory’s list of approved electrodes and combinations of shielding, submit certified test data as described above for each lot showing compliance with the specified requirements.

711.09  High-Strength Steel Bolts, Nuts, and Washers.  Furnish high-strength steel bolts, nuts, and washers according to ASTM A 325 (ASTM A 325M), with the following modification:

11  If necessary for approval, obtain samples from material delivered to the project site or at other locations designated by the Laboratory.

          Furnish bolts for steel use in bare unpainted applications according to A 325 (A 325M), Type 3.

          When galvanized bolts, nuts, and washers are specified, mechanical galvanizing is permitted.

          Use galvanized bolts to fasten steel that has received an inorganic zinc prime coat according to 514.

          Furnish high-strength steel bolts, nuts, and washers that also meet the requirements of Supplement 1080.

Provide samples to the Laboratory for acceptance.

711.10  Machine Bolts.  Furnish machine bolts according to ASTM A 307, with the following modification:

If necessary for approval, obtain samples from material delivered to the project site or at other locations designated by the Laboratory.

Mechanical galvanizing is permitted.

711.12  Gray Iron Castings.  Furnish gray iron casting according to ASTM A 48, Class 30B, with the following modifications:

12  Two or more test bars will accompany each lot of castings or; one pair of test bars may represent castings shipped to two or more projects provided the lot number or date cast are cast or anchored in both the bars and castings.  The identifying data or castings shall not interfere with the use of the casting.

9  In addition, ensure that castings are free from pouring faults, sponginess, cracks, blow holes, and other defects in positions affecting their strength and value for the service intended.  Ensure that the castings are generously filleted at angles and the arrises are sharp and perfect.

17  Ship test bars with the lot or make test bars representing the lot available to the Laboratory at the place of manufacture or warehouse.

711.13  Ductile Iron Castings.  Furnish ductile iron castings according to ASTM A 536, with the following modifications:

8.1  In addition, ensure that castings are free from pouring faults, sponginess, cracks, blowholes, and other defects in positions affecting their strength.  Ensure that the castings are generously filleted at angles and arrises are sharp and perfect.

10.1  Send a keel block or Y-block specimen made according to ASTM A 536 with the shipment for each heat number, ladle number, and date of casting.

14.1  Submit a certification stating that the test bars shipped with the castings were prepared according to the specified requirements.

711.14  Gray Iron and Ductile Iron Castings.  Furnish gray iron and ductile iron castings according to AASHTO M 306, Class 35B, with the following modifications:

Test bars are required as outlined in 711.12 and 711.13.  In addition, submit certified test data for monthly proof load testing to the Laboratory with each inspection of castings from that month.

Design Approval.  Submit designs for cast frames, grates and covers for manholes, catch basins and inlets that vary from the standard construction drawings to the Department for approval.  Manufacturers will seek approval for such non-standard designs well in advance of a projects sale date.

711.15  Sheet Copper.  Furnish sheet copper according to ASTM B 370.

711.16  Phosphor Bronze Plate.  Furnish phosphor bronze plate according to ASTM B 100.

711.17  Cast Bronze.  Furnish cast bronze according to ASTM B 22, Copper Alloy No. C91100, with the following modification:

Finish cast plates to plane surfaces and finish one plate of a pair at right angles to the other plate of the pair.

711.18  Leaded Bronze.  Furnish leaded bronze according to ASTM B 584, Copper Alloy No. C93700, with the following modification:

Finish cast plates to plane surfaces and finish one plate of a pair at right angles to the other plate of the pair.

711.19  Sheet Lead.  Furnish sheet lead according to ASTM B 29.

711.20  Aluminum for Railings.  Furnish aluminum other than permanent mold castings that conform to the following requirements:

Portion of Railing

ASTM Designation

Alloy

Condition or

Temper (B296)

Sand castings

B 26/B 26M

356.0

T6

Shims

B 209 (B 209M)

1100

0

Washers

B 209 (B 209M)

Clad 2024

6061

T4

T6

Sheet and plate

B 209 (B 209M)

6061

T6

Drawn seamless tubes

B 210

6061 or 6063

T6

Bars, rods, wire

B 211 (B 211M)

6061

T6

Bolts, set screws

B 211 (B 211M)

2024[1]

6061

T4

T6

Nuts

B 211 (B 211M)

6061

6262

T6

T9

Extruded bars, rods, shapes

B 221 (B 221M)

6061 or 6063

6351

T6

T5

Extruded tubes

B 221(B 221M)

6061 or 6063

6351

T6

T5

Pipe

B 241/B 241M

6061 or 6063

T6

Rivets

B 316(B 316M)

6061

T6

[1]  Will have an anodic coating.

 

For permanent mold castings for bridge railing posts, provide aluminum according to AASHTO M 193.

711.21  Preformed Bearing Pads.  Composition.  Furnish preformed bearing pads consisting of a fabric and rubber body.  Ensure that the pad is made with new, unvulcanized, natural and/or synthetic rubber, and unused cotton and/or synthetic fabric fibers in proper proportion to maintain strength and stability.

Physical Properties.  The required surface hardness, expressed in standard rubber hardness figures, is 80 ± 10 Shore Durometer.  The minimum ultimate break down limit of pads under compressive loading is 10,000 pounds per square inch (69 MPa).  Furnish pads to specified dimensions and accurately locate and cleanly cut all bolt holes.

Furnish materials according to the Department’s Qualified Products List (QPL).

711.22  Buried Liner Waterproofing Membrane.  Furnish buried liner waterproofing membrane according to ASTM D 7176-06, with the following modification:

Only 4.1.2 through 4.1.6 is approved.

Furnish materials according to the Department’s Qualified Products List (QPL).

711.23 Elastomeric Bearings.  Furnish bearing pads and elastomeric bearings conforming to AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, Division II, Construction, Chapter 18, Section 18.4.5.1 Grade 3 requirements.  Fabricate elastomeric bearing pads according to Sections 18.5.6.1 and 18.5.6.2.  Test pads and bearings according to 18.7.1, 18.7.2.1, 18.7.2.3, 18.7.2.5, 18.7.2.6, 18.7.3, 18.7.4.5, and 18.10.3.  Include testing in the price bid for the bearings. Furnish certified material according to Supplement 1081.

Furnish bearing pads and laminated bearings consisting of neoprene cast in molds under pressure and heat.  A plain elastomeric bearing pad and steel load distribution plate combination is classified as a laminated elastomeric bearing.  Obtain test specimens according to ASTM D 3182 or ASTM D 3183.  Where test specimens are cut from the finished product, a 20 percent variation from the original physical properties is allowed.  The use of compounds of nominal hardness between the values shown in Table 711.23-1 is permitted and the test requirements interpolated.

Table 711.23-1

Physical Properties

Grade

50

60

70

Hardness, Durometer A, ASTM D 2240.

50 ± 5

60 ± 5

70 ± 5

Tensile Strength, min psi (MPa), ASTM D 412

2500 (17)

2500 (17)

2500 (17)

Elongation at break, min %

400

350

300

Accelerated Tests to Determine Long-Term Aging Characteristics, Over-Aged 70 hrs at 212 °F (100 °C), ASTM D 573:

 

 

 

Hardness, points change, max

15

15

15

Tensile strength, % change, max

-15

-15

-15

Elongation at break, % change, max

-40

-40

-40

 

Grade

Physical Properties

50

60

70

Ozone 1 ppm in air by volume 20% strain, 104 °F (40 °C) ASTM D 1149, 100 hrs

   (Samples to be solvent wiped before test to remove any traces of surface impurities)

No

cracks

No

cracks

No

cracks

Compression set 22 hrs/212 °F (100 °C) ASTM D 395, Method B, % max

35

35

35

Adhesion, bond made during vulcanization ASTM D 429 Method B, lb/in (kN/m)

40 (7.0)

40 (7.0)

40 (7.0)

 

Furnish bearing pads that are individually molded, cut from previously molded strips or slabs, or extruded and cut to length.  Mold laminated bearings together into an integral unit with all edges of internal steel laminates covered by a 1/8-inch (3 mm) minimum thickness of elastomer.  Fill indentations or grooves on the exterior surface of the bearings caused by external laminate restraining devices to a 1/8 inch (3 mm) minimum cover by a revulcanized patch; or by a silicon caulk conforming to Federal Specifications TT-S-001543A; or by an approved equal.  Ensure that the bearing manufacturer patches the bearings.

Ensure that the external connection or distribution plates of laminated bearings are the same material as the attached structural steel and are similarly cleaned and coated.  Furnish internal plates according to ASTM A 709 grade 36  or A 570/A 570M, Grade 36 or Grade 40.  Minimum thickness for the internal plates is 0.074 inch (1.88 mm).  Debur all plates.

The bearing manufacturer will furnish certified test data for the elastomer, base plate, steel laminates, and proof load.

The bearing manufacturer will produce one sample bearing for each bridge structure in the project plans.  Ensure that the sample bearing for each bridge structure is of the same design and materials as the bearings furnished for that bridge structure.  The bearing manufacturer will ship the completed sample bearings to an independent testing laboratory for destructive testing for the following physical properties:

Hardness, Durometer A

ASTM D2240

Tensile Strength

ASTM D412

Elongation at Break

ASTM D412

Adhesion bond made during vulcanization

ASTM D429, Method B

 

Ensure that the bearing manufacturer submits to the project the certified test data for the sample bearings from the independent testing laboratory with the bearing manufacturer’s certified test data for the elastomer, base plate, steel laminates, and proof load.

711.24  Waterproofing Fabric.  Furnish waterproofing fabric according to ASTM D 173.

Furnish materials according to the Department’s Qualified products List (QPL).  

711.25  Type 2 Membrane Waterproofing.

Physical Properties

 

Thickness ASTM D 1777

60 mils (1500 mm) min.

Width

36 inches (914 mm) min.

Pliability [180° bend over 1/4 inch (6 mm) mandrel @ -25 °F (-32 °C)] ASTM D 146

No Effect

Elongation ASTM D 412 (Die C)

300% min

Puncture Resistance-Membrane

 

ASTM E 154

40 lb (18 kg) min.

Permeance (Grains/ft2/hr/in Hg)

 

ASTM E 96, Method B

0.1 max.

Water Absorption (% by Weight) ASTM D 570

0.2 max.

Adhesion to concrete ASTM D 903

5.0 min.

Submit certified test data and letter of certification to the Engineer.

 

Furnish materials according to the Department’s Qualified Products List (QPL).

 

711.26  Structural Timber, Lumber and Piling.  Furnish structural timber, lumber and piling according to 712.06, and AASHTO M 168, with the following modification:

Air-dry or kiln-dry timber and lumber to a moisture content not to exceed 19 percent by weight.  Size and grade will conform to American Lumber Standards.

Use only structural timber, lumber, and piling meeting the certification requirements of Supplement 1072.

711.27  Prestressing Steel Strands.  Furnish prestressing steel strands according to ASTM A 416, with the following modification:

11  Sample and inspect as directed by the Laboratory.

711.28  Cellular Polyvinyl Chloride Sponge.  Furnish cellular PVC sponge according to AASHTO M 153, Type I, and with a minimum density of 20 pounds per cubic foot (320 kg/m3).

Furnish materials according to the Department’s Qualified Products List (QPL).

 

711.29  Type 3 Membrane Waterproofing.  Furnish Type 3 membrane waterproofing conforming to the following requirements.

 

Physical Properties

 

Thickness

0.135 inches (3.43 mm) min.

Width

36 inches (914 mm) min.

Weight

0.8 lb/ft2 (3.875 kg/mm2) min.

Tensile strength (machine direction)

 

ASTM D 882

275 lb/in (48.1 N/mm)

Modified[1]

200 psi (13.8 MPa)

Tensile strength ASTM D 882 (90°

machine direction)

 

150 lb/in (26.2 N/mm)

Modified[1]

1000 psi (6.9 MPa)

Elongation at break ASTM D 882

 

Modified[1]

100%

Brittleness ASTM D 517

Pass

Softening point (mastic) ASTM D 36

200 °F (93 °C) min.

Peel adhesion ASTM D 413[1]

2.0 lb/in (0.35 N/mm)

Cold flex ASTM D 146

No cracking

2 ´ 5 inch (50 ´ 125 mm) Specimen-180° bend over 2 inch (50 mm) mandrel

 

Heat stability

No dripping or delamination

2 ´ 5 inch (50 ´ 125 mm) specimen vertically suspended in a mechanical convection oven 2 hr @ 190 °F (88 °C)

 

[1]  12 inches (300 mm)/minute test speed and 1 inch (25 mm) initial distance between the grips.

 

Submit certified test data and letter of certification to the Engineer.

Furnish materials according to the Department’s Qualified Products List (QPL).

711.30  Aluminum for Steps.  Furnish aluminum for steps according to ASTM B 221 (ASTM B 221M), Alloys 6061-T6 or 6005-T5.

Furnish materials according to the Department’s Qualified Products List (QPL).

711.31 Reinforced Propylene Plastic Manhole Steps.  Furnish reinforced propylene plastic manhole steps conforming to the details shown on the plans.

Furnish steel rod according to 709.01, Grade 60 that is continuous through the entire length of legs and tread.  The steel may be coated according to ASTM A 934/A 934M.  Ensure that the manufacturer furnishes written certification.  Furnish propylene plastic according to ASTM D 4101, Table B 33430.  Ensure that the manufacturer furnishes certified test data for the propylene plastic used in each lot of steps.

Furnish materials according to the Department’s Qualified Products List (QPL).