101 DEFINITIONS AND TERMS
101.01 General. These
Construction and Material Specifications are written to the Bidder before award
of the Contract and to the Contractor after award of the Contract. The sentences
that direct the Contractor to perform Work are written as commands. For
example, a requirement to provide cold-weather protection would be expressed
as, “Provide cold-weather protection for concrete,” rather than “The Contractor
shall provide cold-weather protection for concrete.” In the imperative
mood, the subject “the Bidder” or “the Contractor” is understood.
All
requirements to be performed by others have been written in the active
voice. Sentences written in the active voice identify the party
responsible for performing the action. For example, “The Engineer will
determine the density of the compacted material.” Certain requirements of
the Contractor may also be written in the active voice, rather than the active
voice and imperative mood, if the sentence includes requirements for others in
addition to the Contractor. For example, “After the Contractor provides
initial written notice, the Engineer will revise the
Contract as specified in 104.02.”
Sentences
that define terms, describe a product or desired result, or describe a
condition that may exist are written in indicative mood. These types of
sentences use verbs requiring no action. For example, “The
characteristics of the soils actually encountered in the subgrade may affect
the quality of the cement and depth of treatment necessary.”
101.02 Abbreviations. The
following abbreviations, when used in the Contract Documents, represent the
full text shown.
AAN
American Association of Nurserymen
AASHTO
American Association
of State Highway and Transportation Officials
AC
Asphalt Cement (pavement), Alternating Current (traffic)
ACBF
Air Cooled Blast Furnace slag (aggregate)
ACI
American Concrete Institute
ACIA
Asynchronous Communications Interface Adapter (traffic controller)
ADT
Average Daily Traffic
ADTT
Average Daily Truck Traffic
AIC
Amps Interrupting Capacity
AISC
American Institute of Steel Construction
AISI
American Iron and Steel Institute
ANFO
Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil
ANSI
American National Standards Institute
AOS
Apparent Opening Size (fabric)
AREA
American Railway Engineering Association
ASCE
American Society of Civil Engineers
ASME
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASTM
American Society of Testing and Materials
ATFDB
Asphalt treated Free Draining Base
AWG
American Wire Gauge
AWPA
American Wood Preservers' Association
AWWA
American Water Works Association
BBR
Bending Beam Rheometer (asphalt test)
BMP
Best Management Practice (erosion)
BOF
Basic Oxygen Furnace (aggregate)
BSG
Bulk Specific Gravity
BTEX
Benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene (a soil test)
BUSTR
Bureau of Underground
Storage Tank Regulations (Division of Fire Marshal)
C&MS
Construction and Material Specifications
CAPWAP
Case Pile Wave Analysis Program
CBAE
Cut Back Asphalt Emulsion
CCRL
Cement and Concrete Reference Laboratory
CCS
Crushed Carbonate Stone
CECI
Contactors Erosion Control Inspector
CFR
Code
of Federal Regulations
CIE
Commission Internationale
d'Eclairage (illumination)
CPESC
Certified Professional in Erosion and Sediment Control
CRS
Cationic Rapid Set (asphalt emulsion)
CRSI
Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute
CSS
Cationic Slow Set (asphalt emulsion)
CVN
Charpy V-notch (steel test)
CWT
Hundred Weight (100 lbs)
DC
Direct Current
DCA
District Construction Administrator
DDD
District Deputy Director
DET
District Engineer of Tests
DGE
District Geotechnical Engineer
DLS
Data Logging System (traffic markings)
DNR
Department of Natural Resources
DRC
Dry Rodded Condition (asphalt test)
DSR
Dynamic Shear Rheometer (asphalt test)
DZA
Deficient Zone Average (concrete test)
EAF
Electric Arc Furnace
EDA
Earth Disturbing Activity
EIA
Electronic Industries
Alliance
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency
EQS
Exceptional Quality Solids (compost)
FAA
Fine Aggregate Angularity (asphalt aggregate)
FCM
Fracture Critical Member (steel test)
FEMA
Federal Emergency Management Agency
FHWA
Federal Highway Administration, Department
of Transportation
FRP
Fiber Reinforced Polymer
FSS
Federal Specifications and
Standards, General Services Administration
GGBFS
Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag
GS
Granulated Slag
HDPE
High Density Polyethylene
HFRS
High Float Rapid Setting (emulsion)
HMWM
High Molecular Weight Methacrylate
ICEA
Insulated Cable Engineers Association
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronic
Engineers
IES
Illuminating Engineering Society
IMSA
International Municipal Signal Association
IPCEA
Insulated
Power Cable Engineers Association
IPS
International Pipe Standard
ISSA
International Slurry Seal Association
ITE
Institute of Transportation Engineers
IZEU
Inorganic Zinc Epoxy Urethane
JMF
Job Mix Formula
LED
Light Emitting Diode
LWT
Loaded Wheel Test (asphalt test)
MBF
Thousand Board Feet (wood)
MC
Medium Cure (asphalt emulsion)
MCB
Microchannel Bus (traffic controller)
MMK
Blaw-Knox Materials Management Kit
MOV
Metal Oxide Varistor (traffic controller)
MPI
Magnetic Particle Inspection (steel test)
MSDS
Material Safety Data Sheets
MSG
Maximum Specific Gravity (asphalt)
MTD
Maximum Theoretical Density (asphalt)
NACE
National Association of Corrosion
Engineers
NCHRP
National Cooperative Highway
Research Program
NEMA
National Electrical
Manufacturers Association
NHI
National Highway Institute
NIST
National Institute of Standards and
Technology
NOI
Notice of Intent
NPDES
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
ODOT
Ohio Department of
Transportation
OEPA
Ohio Environmental Protection Agency
OH
Open Hearth (aggregate)
OHWM
Ordinary High Water Mark
OMM
Office
of Materials Management (the Lab)
OMUTCD
Ohio
Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices
ORDC
Ohio
Rail Development Commission
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
OTE
Office
of Traffic Engineering
OWPCA
Ohio Water Pollution Control Act
OZEU
Organic Zinc Epoxy Urethane
PAT
Project Average Thickness (concrete test)
PAV
Pressure Aging Vessel (asphalt test)
PB
Polybutylene (conduit)
PCC
Portland Cement Concrete
PCS
Petroleum Contaminated Soil
PDA
Pile Dynamic Analysis (steel piling)
PE
Polyethylene (conduit)
PG
Performance Grade (asphalt test)
pH
Potential of Hydrogen
PLS
Pure Live Seed
PVC
Polyvinyl chloride
QA
Quality Assurance
QC
Quality Control
QCFS
Quality Control Fabricator Specialist (structures)
QCP
Quality Control Program, or Quality Control Points (steel test)
QCQC
Quality Control Qualification Committee
RACP
Reclaimed Asphalt Concrete Pavement
RAP
Recycled Asphalt Pavement
RC
Rapid Cure (asphalt emulsion)
REA
Rural Electrification Administration
RFI
Radio Frequency Interference (traffic controller)
RH
Relative Humidity
RMS
Root Mean Square (traffic controller)
RPCC
Recycled Portland Cement Concrete
RPM
Raised Pavement Marker (traffic)
RS
Rapid Set (asphalt emulsion)
RTFO
Rolling Thin-Film Oven (asphalt test)
SAE
Society of Automotive Engineers
SBA
Styrene Butadiene Amene
SBR
Styrene Butadiene Rubber
SBS
Styrene Butadiene Styrene
SCD
Standard Construction Drawing
SF
Standard Fabricated members (structures)
SI
International System of Units (Metric)
SMA
Stone Matrix Asphalt
SPD
Surge Protection Device (traffic controller)
SPST
Single Pole / Single Throw (traffic controller)
SS
Slow Set (asphalt emulsion)
SSD
Saturated Surface Dry (aggregate)
SSPC
Society for Protective Coatings
SWPPP
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan
TCE
Trichloroethylene
TMPTA
Tri-methyolpropane Tri-acrylate (paint)
TNP
Total Neutralizing Power
TODS
Tourist-Oriented Directional Signs
TSEC
Temporary Sediment and Erosion Control
TSR
Tensile Strength Ratio (asphalt test)
UF
Unique Fabricated members (structures)
UL
Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc
USACE
United States Army Corps of Engineers
VA
Verification Acceptance
VAC
Volts Alternating Current
VCA
Volume of Coarse Aggregate (asphalt test)
VECP
Value Engineering Change Proposal
VMA
Voids in the Mineral Aggregate
VME
VersaModule Eurocard
(traffic controller)
WDT
Watchdog Timer
WEAP
Wave Equation Analysis (steel piling)
WPS
Welding Procedure Specification (steel test)
WZRPM
Work Zone Raised Pavement Marker (traffic)
XCU
Explosion, Collapse and Underground
101.03 Definitions. The
following terms or pronouns, when used in the Contract Documents, are defined
as follows:
Advertisement. The public announcement, as required by law,
inviting Bids for Work to be performed or materials to be furnished.
Award. The written acceptance by the
Director of a Bid.
Bid. The offer of a Bidder, on the prescribed form
properly signed and guaranteed, to perform the Work and to furnish the labor
and materials at the prices quoted.
Bid Documents. The Bid Documents include the Invitation for
Bids, Addenda, Proposal, Expedite file, contract form and required bonds,
Specifications, Supplemental Specifications, Special Provisions, general and
detailed plans, Plan notes, standard construction drawings identified in the
Plans, notice to contractor, and any other document designated by the
Department as a Bid Document, all of which constitute one instrument.
Bidder. An individual, firm, or corporation submitting
a Bid for the advertised Work, acting directly or through the duly authorized
representative, and qualified as provided in ORC 5525.02 to 5525.09.
Bridge. A structure, including supports, erected over a
depression or an obstruction, such as water, a highway, or a railway, and
having a track or passageway for carrying traffic or other moving loads and
having a length measured along the center of roadway of 10 feet (3.048 m) or
more between undercopings of abutments or extreme
limits of openings for multiple boxes.
A.
Length. The length of a bridge
structure is the over‑all length measured along the centerline of the
roadway surface.
B.
Roadway Width. The clear width
measured at right angles to the longitudinal centerline of the bridge between
the bottom of curbs or guard timbers or, in the case of multiple heights of
curbs, between the bottoms of the lower risers. For curb widths of 1 foot
(0.3 m) or less, the roadway width is measured between parapets or railings.
Calendar
Day or Day. Every day shown on the calendar.
Certified
Test Data. A test report
from a manufacturer’s or an independent laboratory approved by the Director
listing actual test results of samples tested for compliance with specified
Department requirements. The Department will accept certified test data
from manufacturers’ laboratories if their products have been used
satisfactorily on prior Department contracts and their test data has been
confirmed. Include a statement that the test data furnished is
representative of the material furnished to a Department project or to a
supplier. The report is identified by number or date and identifies the
Department project or supplier to which the material is shipped. Submit
reports signed by a person having legal authority to act for the manufacturer
or independent laboratory.
Change Order. A written order issued by the Director to the
Contractor, covering changes to the terms and conditions, plans and/or
quantities, within or beyond the scope of the Contract and establishing the
basis of payment and time adjustments for the work affected by the changes.
Claims. Disputes that are not settled through Steps 1
and 2 of the Dispute Resolution and Administrative Claim Process. The Dispute
becomes a Claim when the Contractor submits a Notice of Intent to File a Claim.
Completion
Date. The date, as shown
in the Contract Documents, on which the Work contemplated
shall be completed.
Construction Limits. These limits must encompass all Work. This includes
removals, room for construction equipment to complete work, site access, etc.
Contract. The written agreement between
the Department and the Contractor setting forth the obligations of the parties,
including, but not limited to, the performance of the Work and the basis of
payment.
Contract
Bond. The approved forms
of security, executed by the Contractor and its Sureties, guaranteeing complete
execution of the Work as required by the Contract Documents and the payment of
all legal debts pertaining to the construction of the Project which security shall
comply with and be subject to ORC
5525.16 and 5525.13, and
related provisions.
Contract
Documents. The Contract
Documents include the Invitation for Bids, Addenda, Proposal, contract form and
required bonds, Specifications, Supplemental Specifications, Special
Provisions, general and detailed plans, Plan notes, standard construction
drawings identified in the Plans, notice to contractor, Change Orders, Supplemental
Agreements, Extra Work Contracts, and any other document designated by the
Department as a Contract Document, all of which constitute one instrument.
Contract Item (Pay Item). A specifically described unit
of Work for which a price is provided in the Contract.
Contract
Price. The amount
of compensation bid by the Contractor for a Contract Item in the Proposal or
the amount of compensation established for a Contract Item added or modified
pursuant to the Contract Documents.
Contract
Time. The number of
workdays or calendar days, including authorized adjustments, allowed for
completion of the Project. When a specified Completion Date is shown in
the Contract Documents instead of the number of workdays or calendar days,
completion of the Project shall occur on or before that date. Specified
Completion Date and Calendar Day Contracts shall be completed on or before the
day indicated even when that date is a Saturday, Sunday, or holiday.
Contractor. The individual, firm, or
corporation contracting with the Department for performance of prescribed Work,
acting directly or through a duly authorized representative and qualified under
the provisions of ORC 5525.02
to 5525.09 inclusive, and any
amendments thereto.
County. The designated county in which the Work
specified is to be done.
Culvert. Any structure not classified as a Bridge that
provides an opening under the roadway.
Department. The Department of
Transportation, State of Ohio.
Director. Administrative head of the
Department appointed by the Governor.
Disputes. Disagreements, matters in question and differences of opinion between
the Department’s personnel and the Contractor.
Engineer. Duly authorized agent of the
Department acting within the scope of its authority for purposes of engineering
and administration of the Contract.
Equipment. All machinery and equipment,
together with the necessary supplies for upkeep and maintenance, and also tools
and apparatus necessary for the proper construction and acceptable completion
of the Work.
Extra
Work. An item of Work
not provided for in the Contract as awarded but found essential to the
satisfactory completion of the Contract within its intended scope.
Extra Work Contract. A Contract concerning the
performance of Work or furnishing of materials involving Extra Work.
Such Extra Work may be performed at agreed prices or on a force account basis
as provided in ORC 5525.14.
Fabricator. The individual, firm, or
corporation that fabricates structural metals or prestressed
concrete members as an agent of the Contractor.
Final
Inspector. An Engineer
appointed by the DDD who inspects the completed Work
and accepts it if it complies with the Contract Documents.
Inspector. The Engineer’s authorized representative
assigned to make detailed inspections of Contract performance.
Invitation
for Bids. The invitation for Proposals for all Work on which Bids are
required. Such Proposal will indicate with reasonable accuracy the
quantity and location of the Work to be done or the character and quality of
the material to be furnished and the time and place of the opening of
Proposals.
Laboratory. The testing laboratories of the Department,
including the Office of Materials Management located at 1600 West Broad Street,
Columbus, Ohio, and various District testing facilities.
Materials. Any materials or products specified for use in
the construction of the Project and its appurtenances.
Partnering. A
collaborative process for project cooperation and communication meant to
achieve effective and efficient contract performance and completion of the
Project within budget, on schedule, safely and with requisite quality in
accordance with the contract.
Plans. The drawings, standard construction drawings
and supplemental drawings provided by the Department that show the location,
character, dimensions, and details of the Work.
Prebid
Question. A written inquiry submitted by a prospective bidder.
Profile Grade. The trace of a vertical plane
intersecting the top surface of the proposed wearing surface, usually along the
longitudinal centerline of the roadbed. Profile grade means either
elevation or gradient of such trace according to the context.
Project Limits. Project limits are points on the mainline centerline
of construction where the proposed improvement, as described in the project
description on the Title Sheet (excluding incidental construction), begins and
ends
Project
Right-of-Way. That portion of the Right-of-Way
between the beginning and end of the Project.
Project. The specific section of the
highway together with all appurtenances and Work to be performed thereon under
the Contract.
Proposal. The approved form on which
the Department requires Bids to be prepared and submitted for the Work.
Proposal
Guaranty. The security
furnished with a Bid to guarantee that the Bidder will enter into the Contract
if its Bid is accepted.
Questionnaire. The specified forms on which the Contractor
shall furnish required information as to its ability to perform and finance the
Work required under ORC 5525.01.
Reasonably Close
Conformity. Reasonably close
conformity means compliance with reasonable and customary manufacturing and
construction tolerances where working tolerances are not specified. Where
working tolerances are specified, reasonably close conformity means compliance
with such working tolerances. Without detracting from the complete and
absolute discretion of the Engineer to insist upon such tolerances as
establishing reasonably close conformity, the Engineer may accept variations
beyond such tolerances as reasonably close conformity where they will not materially
affect the value or utility of the Work and the interests of the Department.
Registered
Engineer. An engineer
registered with the Ohio State Board of
Registration for Professional Engineers and Surveyors
to practice professional engineering in the State of Ohio
Registered
Surveyor. A surveyor
registered with the Ohio State Board of
Registration for Professional Engineers and Surveyors to practice
professional surveying in the State of Ohio.
Right-of-Way. A general term denoting land, property, or
interest therein, usually in a strip, acquired for or
devoted to a highway.
Road. A general term denoting a public way for purposes
of vehicular travel, including the entire area within the Right-of-Way, as
defined in ORC 5501.01.
Roadbed. The graded portion of a highway within top and
side slopes, prepared as a foundation for the pavement structure and shoulder.
Roadside. The areas between the outside
edges of the shoulders and the Right-of-Way boundaries. Unpaved
median areas between inside shoulders of divided highways and infield areas of
interchanges are included.
Roadside
Development. Those items
necessary to the highway that provide for the preservation of landscape
materials and features; the rehabilitation and protection against erosion of
all areas disturbed by construction through seeding, sodding, mulching, and the
placing of other ground covers; such suitable planting; and other improvements
as may increase the effectiveness and enhance the appearance of the highway.
Roadway. The portion of a highway
within limits of construction.
Shop Drawings. The drawings provided by the Contractor or Supplier
that describe any portion of the Work that will remain in place permanently.
Shoulder. The portion of the roadway contiguous to the
traveled way for accommodation of stopped vehicles, for emergency use, and for
lateral support of base and surface courses.
Sidewalk. That portion of the roadway primarily
constructed for the use of pedestrians.
Signatures
on Contract Documents.
All signatures on Contract Documents must meet the requirements of 102.06.
Special
Provisions. Additions and revisions to the standard and Supplemental
Specifications covering conditions peculiar to an individual Project.
Specifications. The directions, provisions, and requirements
contained herein as supplemented by the Supplemental Specifications and Special
Provisions.
State. The State of Ohio acting
through its authorized representative.
Street. A general term denoting a
public way for purpose of vehicular travel, including the entire area within
the Right-of-Way.
Structures. Bridges, culverts, catch basins, drop inlets,
retaining walls, cribbing, manholes, endwalls,
buildings, sewers, service pipes, underdrains,
foundation drains, and other features that may be encountered in the Work and
not otherwise classed herein.
Subcontractor. An individual, firm, or corporation to whom the
Contractor sublets part of the Contract to be performed on the job site, who
prior to such undertaking receives the written consent of the Director, and who
is qualified under ORC 5525.02
through 5525.09 inclusive.
Subgrade. The portion of a Roadbed upon
which the pavement structure and shoulders are constructed.
Substructure. All of that part of the structure below the
bearings of simple and continuous spans, skewbacks of arches, and tops of
footings of rigid frames, together with backwalls and
wings.
Superintendent. The Contractor’s authorized representative in
responsible charge of the Work.
Superstructure. The entire structure except
the Substructure.
Supplement. A list of requirements for fabrication plants,
methods of test, or other miscellaneous requirements that are maintained on
file in the Office of the Director.
Supplemental
Agreement. A written
agreement executed by the Contractor and by the Director covering necessary
alterations.
Supplemental
Specifications. Detailed
specifications supplemental to or superseding these Specifications.
Surety. The corporation, partnership,
or individual, other than the Contractor, executing a bond furnished by the
Contractor.
Titles
(or Headings). The
titles or headings of the sections and subsections herein are intended for
convenience of reference and shall not be considered as having any bearing on
their interpretation.
Waters
of the United States.
Waters that are under the jurisdiction of the Corps of Engineers under the
Clean Water Act as defined by 33
CFR Ch. II Part 328, which as applied to Ohio
means: the Ohio River and Lake Erie and any other river, stream, creek, lake,
pond, or wetland that drains directly or indirectly into the Ohio River or Lake
Erie.
Work. All labor, materials, equipment, tools,
transportation, supplies, and other incidentals and all tasks that comprise the
project or any portion thereof, as described by the Contract Documents.
Work Limits. Work Limits are the extreme limits of the
contractor’s responsibility on a project, including all temporary and
incidental construction, with the exception of work zone traffic control
devices required for maintenance of traffic.
Workday. A calendar day that the
Contractor normally works.
Working
Drawings. Stress sheets,
shop drawings, erection plans, falsework plans,
installation plans, certified drawings, frame work plans, cofferdam plans,
bending diagrams for reinforcing steel, or any other supplementary plans or
similar data that the Contractor is required to submit.
101.04 Interpretations. In order
to avoid cumbersome and confusing repetition of expressions in these
Specifications, it is provided that whenever anything is, or is to be, done, if,
as, or, when, or where “contemplated, required, determined, directed,
specified, authorized, ordered, given, designated, indicated, considered
necessary, deemed necessary, permitted, reserved, suspended, established,
approval, approved, disapproved, acceptable, unacceptable, suitable, accepted,
satisfactory, unsatisfactory, sufficient, insufficient, rejected, or
condemned,” it shall be understood as if the expression were followed by the
words “by the Engineer” or “to the Engineer.”