ITEM 512 TREATING CONCRETE
512.01
Description
512.02 Materials
512.03 Sealing of Concrete Surfaces
512.04 Sealing Concrete Bridge Decks with HMWM Resin
512.05 Soluble Reactive Silicate (SRS) Concrete
Treatment
512.06 Treating Concrete Bridge Decks with
Gravity-Fed Resin
512.07 Sealing Cracks by Epoxy Injection
512.08 Waterproofing
512.09 Method of Measurement
512.10 Basis of Payment
512.01 Description. This work consists of
sealing and treating concrete surfaces, sealing cracks in concrete, and
applying waterproofing to structures.
512.02 Materials. Furnish materials conforming to:
Asphalt
cement................................... 702.01 (PG 64 - 22)
Asphalt primer
for.................. 702.02 (RC-70 or RC-250),
waterproofing......................................................
702.05
HMWM
Resin......................................................... 705.15
Epoxy-Urethane
Sealer........................................ 705.23.A
Non-epoxy
Sealer................................................ 705.23.B
Soluble Reactive Silicate
(SRS)............................... 705.24
Gravity Fed
Resin.................................................... 705.25
Epoxy injection
Materials........................................ 705.26
Sand........................
703
with the following exceptions:
Maximum moisture content
of 0.5 of the percent of absorption when treated according to California
Test 226.
Gradation:
Sieve Size |
Total Percent Passing |
|
No. 4 |
(4.75 mm) |
100 |
No. 8 |
(2.36 mm) |
90 to 100 |
No. 20 |
(850 µm) |
5 to 15 |
No. 50 |
(300 µm) |
0 to 5 |
Emulsified asphalt primer,................ 702.04 (MS-2, SS-1)
Asphalt for
waterproofing....................................... 702.06
Hot applied joint
sealer............................................ 705.04
Type 3 membrane
primer......................................... 705.04
Waterproofing fabric................................................
711.24
Sheet Type 2 membrane
waterproofing................... 711.25
Sheet Type 3 membrane
waterproofing................... 711.29
512.03
Sealing
of Concrete Surfaces.
This work consists of applying an approved sealer on existing and new concrete
surface areas after the concrete is cured and repairs completed and cured.
Apply the sealer to locations described in the plans. Apply the sealer listed
in the pay item description. Choose a type of sealer if no sealer is listed in
the pay item description.
A. Equipment. Use application equipment recommended by the sealer
manufacturer. Use spray equipment, tanks, hoses, brooms, rollers, coaters,
squeegees, etc., that are clean, free of foreign matter, oil residue and water.
B. Mixing. Mix the sealer according to the manufacturer’s
recommended procedures. Furnish the Engineer with the manufacturer’s
application instructions. Do not mix or apply the sealer until the manufacturer’s
written recommendations are supplied to the Engineer. Mix and maintain
materials at a uniform consistency during application.
C. Storage. Store all sealer components in tightly sealed
containers, in a dry location, and as recommended by the manufacturer. Deliver
unopened drums or containers of the sealer or sealer components to the job site
with the manufacturer's numbered seal intact.
D. Application submittals. At least five (5) days before sealing, provide
the Engineer the sealer manufacturer’s written requirements for application
equipment, mixing equipment, mixing procedures, mixing time, storage
requirements, recoat times and temperatures, and MSDS sheets.
E. Surface Condition. Apply sealers only to surfaces which are dry, free from
dust, dirt, oil, wax, curing compounds, efflorescence, laitance, coatings and
other foreign materials. Visually inspect all surfaces before applying sealer.
Remove all structurally unsound surfaces and weak sections.
Perform all concrete
patching prior to surface profiling. Perform concrete patching on areas
identified by the Engineer according to 519. Cure repaired areas for
at least seven (7) days.
Air
dry all concrete surfaces for at
least ten (10) days after completion of required curing.
For accelerated cure
of precast concrete, obtain the required 28 day strength and air dry the
surfaces at least ten (10) days after completing accelerated cure.
F. Surface Preparation and Profiling. Remove dust, dirt, oil, wax, curing compounds,
efflorescence, laitance, coatings and other foreign materials from surfaces to
be sealed.
Use one or both of
the following methods to produce a surface profile that feels and looks like
100 grit sandpaper or coarser. Provide the Engineer sandpaper for comparison.
1. Water blast at 7,000 psi (48 MPa) minimum, or
2. Abrasive blast,
followed by air brooming or power sweeping, to remove
dust and sand from the surface and opened pores.
Install suitable
traps, filters, drip pans and other separation devices in the cleaning
equipment so oil and other foreign material are not deposited on the surface.
If the concrete
surface had curing compound applied, acid test the surface after blasting to
see if the curing compound was removed. Perform the acid test for every
500 square feet (47 square meters). Use a solution of 1 part 20º Baume
muriatic acid and 2 parts water. Apply 4 to 5 drops to the concrete
surface. If foaming/fizzing occurs the curing compound is removed.
Rinse the tested location with an ammonia solution to neutralize the concrete
area tested (1 cup ammonia to 5 gallons water).
(NOTE: Muriatic acid
and ammonia can be bought in a hardware store. Muriatic acid is used to
clean masonry. Only dilute by pouring the acid into the water. DO
NOT pour the water into the acid.)
When surfaces show
intermittent or no foaming, use chemicals or other cleaning compounds to remove
the curing compounds. Only use products approved by the sealer
manufacturer. Furnish the Engineer documentation of the sealer manufacturer’s
approval and method to test if materials are removed.
Ensure that all
wastes generated by the surface preparation operation are managed in accordance
with 107.19.
G. Application
and Coverage. Apply the sealer between twelve and (12) hours and 48
hours after surface preparation by water blasting methods. Apply the sealer
within 48 hours after surface preparation by abrasive blasting methods Do not
apply sealer if rain is anticipated within six (6) hours after application.
Clearly mark where the sealer application stops if not continuous.
a.
Apply the epoxy coat of the epoxy-urethane sealer at the coverage rate of 120
square feet per gallon (2.9 square meters per liter). Use a coverage rate
of 150 square feet per gallon (3.6 square meters per liter) when the
Laboratory’s qualified products list for the epoxy authorizes it. Apply
the urethane coat of the epoxy-urethane sealer at a rate of 200 square feet per
gallon (4.8 square meters per liter). When surfaces are not smooth and flat,
adjust the given coverage rates by the following formulas to determine the
correct coverage rate.
(1)
For surfaces using large stone liners and standard concrete =
specified coverage rate (sq ft/gal
[sq m/l]) × 0.8
(2)
For surfaces using large stone liners and porous concrete =
specified coverage rate (sq ft/gal
[sq m/l]) × 0.7
(3)
For surfaces using fluted liners and standard concrete =
specified coverage rate (sq ft/gal
[sq m/l]) × 0.5
b.
Only apply sealer when the surface temperature is 50 °F (10 °C) or above
c.
Apply with a brush, squeegee, roller or spraying equipment and as recommended
by the manufacturer.
d.
Apply one coat of epoxy and one coat of the urethane top coat. Time between
coats shall meet the manufacturer’s written recommendation provided to the
Engineer during 512.03.D.
Use epoxy and urethane from the same manufacturer. Achieve specified coverage
regardless of the number of passes per coat.
e.
Tint so the final color is Federal Color Standard No. 17778
- Light Neutral. Pigment content shall be limited so as not to reduce sealing
effectiveness of the second coat. Refer to the plans for colors for specific
projects.
f.
Sags and runs are not acceptable in the sealer.
g.
For sealed sidewalks or other horizontal surfaces with repetitive foot traffic
or vehicular traffic, integrate 1 1/2 lbs per square
yard (0.8 kg/m²) of silica sand into the surface of the second coat to produce
a nonskid surface satisfactory to the Engineer.
a.
Apply the sealer according to the manufacturer’s recommended mode of
application and under the observation of the Engineer.
b.
Coverage.
(1)
Surfaces subject to abrasive wear (bridge decks, bridge deck shoulders and
sidewalks); Minimum, one gallon (3.875 liter) of sealer for each 100 square
feet (9.0 square meters).
(2)
Curbs, vertical surfaces of beams and deck slabs subject to direct roadway
drainage; Minimum, one gallon (3.875 liter) for each 125 square feet (11.5
square meters).
(3)
Other surfaces (for example, parapets, abutments, pier caps and median
dividers); Minimum, one gallon (3.875 liter) for each 150 square feet (14.0
square meters).
Stone or fluted
formed concrete surfaces may require additional sealer materials for coverage.
c.
Apply sealer on horizontal surfaces in a one-pass operation at the required
coverage. An acceptable application procedure consists of saturating the
surface and waiting a few seconds for the sealer to completely penetrate the
concrete surface. Broom in the sealer if recommended by the
manufacturer.
d.
Apply sealer on vertical surfaces to saturate the surface. The surface is
saturated when runs of 6 to 12 inches develop. Apply additional passes in 10 to
15 minute intervals until the coverage rate is achieved. Apply sealers with
brush or roller if recommended by the manufacturer.
e.
After 10 to 15 minutes, squeegee off excess material on smooth finished or
dense concretes where the required coverage is not absorbed.
f.
For sealed sidewalks or other horizontal surfaces with repetitive foot traffic
or vehicular traffic, integrate 1 1/2 lbs per square
yard (0.8 kg/m²) of silica sand into the sealer application to produce a
nonskid surface satisfactory to the Engineer.
g.
Tint clear non-epoxy sealers with a vanishing dye that will not damage the
concrete.
h.
Do not apply sealer if the ambient temperature is below 40 °F (5 °C) or will
fall below 32 °F (0 °C) within 12 hours after application.
H. Test Site/Application. Apply epoxy-urethane or non-epoxy sealer to measured
coverage areas, both on horizontal and vertical surfaces, and on different
concrete types, demonstrating:
1. The project’s visual effects for the
epoxy-urethane sealer application at the required coverage rate.
2. Visually, the absorption necessary to
achieve the specified coverage rate for the non-epoxy sealer. Use at least 1/2
gallon (2 liter) of sealer, following the manufacturer’s recommended method of
application, for the total of the test surfaces.
3. Apply to the deck, safety curb or
sidewalk for the horizontal test surfaces and use an abutment parapet or pier
face for the vertical test surface so different textures are tested.
I. Appearance. Epoxy-Urethane
sealers: Uniform appearance and the
final color shall visually match the test section. Recoating, removal and
re-application or other methods recommended by the manufacturer will be
required to correct final appearance. Non-Epoxy Sealers: The sealer shall
result in a uniform appearance.
J. Traffic. Allow traffic on deck shoulder areas after 12 hours
of drying time for an epoxy-urethane sealer. Keep traffic off a non-epoxy
sealer until the sealer is dry.
K. Safety Precautions. Follow precautions defined on the manufacturer’s
MSDS. Provide the Engineer a copy of the MSDS sheet for information before any
work commences.
L. Protection of Adjoining Surfaces and
the Public. Protect the public during
all operations, especially when applying sealer to the fascia or the underside
portions of a bridge that spans an area used by the public.
During sealing, mask
off, or use other means of protection, for surfaces not being sealed. Protect
asphalt and mastic type surfaces from spillage and heavy overspray. Do not
apply sealers to joint sealants which have not cured according to the
manufacturer’s instructions. Joint sealants, traffic paints and asphalt overlays
may be applied to the treated surfaces 48 hours after the sealer has been
applied. Protect nearby steel, aluminum or glass surfaces when non-epoxy
overspray could be deposited on those surfaces.
M. Environmental Requirements. Protect plants and vegetation from overspray
by covering with drop cloths.
N. Superintendent. In addition to the requirements of 105.06, the
Superintendent must successfully complete a Sealing of Concrete Surfaces
training prequalification course offered by the Department. The course must
have been completed within the past four years and an individual course
certificate must have been received by the Superintendent. Present certificate
to the Engineer prior to beginning the sealing of concrete surfaces work. Work
will not be permitted to begin until after the Superintendent provides a valid
course certificate.
512.04 Sealing Concrete Bridge Decks with HMWM Resin. This work shall consist of
preparing and treating the concrete wearing surfaces of bridge decks with a
penetrating sealer in accordance with these specifications, in reasonably close
conformity with the plans and the manufacturer’s recommendation and as directed
by the Engineer.
A. Limitations. Do not perform this work during the period beginning
November 1st and ending March 31st.
B. Surface Preparation. Remove roadway dirt and debris from the area of the deck
to be treated. Sweep, sandblast, then with the use of a manual or power broom
sweep and blow with compressed air so that the surfaces to which the sealer is
to be applied is dry and free of dust and dirt. Use high pressure compressed
air to blow all loose material from visible cracks. Fit the cleaning equipment
with suitable traps, filters, drip pans, driers and other devices to prevent
oil and other foreign material from being deposited on the surface. Do not
allow traffic on the clean surface prior to application of the sealer. Remove
existing pavement markings according to Section 641.10
of the Specifications. Remove all traces of asphalt or petroleum products and
concrete curing seals by abrasive blasting prior to air sweeping.
C. Installation. Provide a compatible promoter/initiator system
capable of providing the same physical qualities of the hardened resin as if
promoted/initiated with 2 percent cobalt naphthanate
(6 percent) and 2 percent cumene hydroperoxide.
Store materials at 65 to 80 °F (18 to 27 °C). Provide
a system that has a resin gel time of not less than 40 minutes to not more than
1 1/2 hours at the time and temperature of application.
Adjust the gel time
to compensate for the change in temperature throughout the day. The temperature
of the surfaces to be treated may range from 50 °F (10 °C) to 120 °F (49 °C).
Arrange to have a technical representative on site to provide mixing
proportions equipment suitability, and safety advice. Any conflict between
these provisions and representative's advice shall be resolved at the job site.
The technical representative shall remain at the job site until such time as he
and the Engineer agree that the Contractor is qualified in all aspects of the
application of the sealer.
Do not allow the promoter
and initiator, if supplied separate from the resin, to contact each other
directly. Do not store containers of promoter or initiators together in a
manner that will allow leakage or spillage from one to contact the containers
or materials of the other.
Machine application
of the resin may be performed by using a two-part resin system utilizing a
promoted resin for one part and an initiated resin for the other part. This
two-part resin system may be combined at a spray bar through positive
displacement atomization of the resin. Do not use compressed air to produce the
spray.
Use
appropriate cleaning and flushing of equipment, tools, etc., with an
appropriate solvent, as approved by the Engineer, in such a manner to minimize
personal and environmental hazards.
Advise workman that the resin will soften gum rubber soles, and a face-mask
should be used to protect from accidental splashes. Clothing and leather
saturated with resin will harden and become useless.
Prior to resin
application the surface to be treated shall be visibly dry and its temperature
between 50 °F (10 °C) and 120 °F (49 °C). Do not apply the resin within 24
hours after a rain or when rain is forecast within 12 hours or when the ambient
air temperature is below 50 °F (10 °C). Pre-mark the deck to control mixed
material usage and to provide a rate of application of approximately 100 square
feet per gallon (2.45m²/L). The exact rate shall be determined by the Engineer
prior to commencing full-scale deck treatment operations.
Before using the material
submit to the Director copies of the manufacturer’s certified test data showing
that the material complies with the requirements of this specification. The
test data shall be developed by an independent approved testing laboratory, and
shall include the brand name of the material, name of manufacturer, number of
the lot tested and date of manufacture. When the material has been approved by
the Director, further testing by the manufacturer will not be required unless
the formulation of manufacturing process has been changed, in which case new
certified test results will be required. The manufacturer shall certify that
the formulation is the same as that for which data has been submitted. The
state reserves the right to sample and test delivered lots for compliance.
Flood the deck
surfaces resin, allowing penetration into the concrete and filling of all
cracks. Limit the initiated mix of promoted resin to 5 gallons (19 L) at a time
for manual application. A significant increase in viscosity shall be cause for
rejection. Apply the treatment within 5 minutes after complete mixing.
Redistribute excess material by squeegee or brooms within 10 minutes after
application.
Take all steps
necessary to prevent the resin from flowing into lanes open to traffic. Broadcast
sand over the entire treated area of the bridge deck by mechanical means to
affect a uniform coverage of 0.80 to 1.2 pounds per square yard (0.43 kg/m² to
0.65 kg/m²). The sand shall be uniformly graded aggregate conforming to the
quality requirements of 703
and shall conform to the following limits for grading:
Sieve Size |
Total Percent Passing |
|
No. 4 |
(4.75 mm) |
100 |
No. 8 |
(2.36 mm) |
90 to 100 |
No. 20 |
(850 µm) |
5 to 15 |
No. 50 |
(300 µm) |
0 to 5 |
It is the intention
of the specification to allow the use of commercially available blast sands
applied by a common lawn broadcast type seeder/spreader. Place sand between 10 to
15 minutes behind the resin spreading front and before any jelling of the resin
occurs. If the surface contains large deep cracks, the low-viscosity liquid
could run completely through the concrete slab. Apply a second coat in these
areas after the first coat has started to cure.
Before the monomer
hardens, fill imperfections or spalls with standing liquid with commercial
quality concrete or sandblast sand, and finished to a uniform surface. The sand
shall have a maximum moisture content of 0.5 of the percent of absorption when
tested in accordance to a California Test 226.
Do not permit traffic
and equipment on the tested deck until it is tack free and a minimum of 6 hours
have elapsed since treatment and the sand cover adheres sufficiently to resist
brushing by hand. Protect the treatment from moisture for not less than 4 hours
after placement.
512.05 Soluble Reactive Silicate (SRS) Concrete Treatment. This item consist of the necessary labor, materials and
equipment to prepare and treat portland cement
concrete surfaces with a reactive silicate sealer meeting these specifications.
A. Equipment. Use application equipment that is recommended by the manufacturer.
Use spray equipment, tanks, hoses, brooms, rollers, coaters, squeegees, etc.,
that are thoroughly clean, free of foreign matter, oil residue and water prior
to applying the treatment.
B. Cleaning and Surface
Preparation. Insure that surfaces
which are to be treated meet the approved product’s requirements for surface
condition. Do not begin sealing until all concrete repairs have been completed
and cured. Furnish the Engineer with written instructions for surface
preparation requirements and have a representative of the manufacturer present
to assure the surface condition meets their requirements.
At a minimum,
thoroughly clean the surface to remove dust, dirt, oil, wax,
curing components, efflorescence, laitance, coatings and other foreign
materials. Obtain the approval of the manufacturer or its representative before
the use of chemicals and other cleaning compounds to facilitate the removal of
these foreign materials. Apply the treatment within 48 hours following surface
preparation.
Fit cleaning
equipment with suitable traps, filters, drip pans and other devices to prevent
oil and other foreign material from being deposited on the surface.
C. Test Application. Treat a measured test coverage area on
horizontal and vertical surfaces of the different components of the structure
to be treated for the purpose of demonstrating the desired physical and visual
effect of an application or of obtaining a visual illustration of the
absorption necessary to achieve the specified coverage rate prior to final
application. In the latter case, use at least 1/2 gallon (2 L) of treatment
following the manufacturer’s recommended method of application for the total of
the test surfaces. Locate horizontal test surfaces on the deck and on the
safety curb or sidewalk and locate vertical test surfaces on an abutment
parapet and pier face so that the different textures are displayed.
D.
Application. Apply the concrete treatment to concrete surfaces as
designated on the plans. Apply the SRS by thoroughly saturating the concrete
surfaces at an application rate specified by the manufacturer.
Apply the SRS when
the concrete surface temperature is above 35 °F (2 °C). Use a surface
thermometer on the concrete to establish the temperature of the concrete if the
air temperature at the time of application is 45 °F (7 °C) or below.
Spread the SRS from
puddles to dry areas.
If unable to complete
the entire application continuously, note and clearly mark the location where
the application was stopped.
E. Protection of Adjoining Surfaces and
the Public. Protect by masking off or
by other means adjoining surfaces of the structure which are not to be sealed
when applying a treatment. Make provision to protect the public when treating
the fascia of a bridge and/or portions of the underside of the deck of a bridge
that spans an area used by the public.
Protect asphalt and
mastic type surfaces from spillage and heavy overspray. Do not apply joint
sealants, traffic paints and asphalt overlays to the treated surfaces until 48
hours after the treatment has been applied. Cover adjoining and nearby surfaces
of aluminum or glass where there is a possibility of the treatment being
deposited on the surfaces.
Protect plants and
vegetation from overspray by covering with drop cloths. Follow precautions as
indicated on the manufacturer’s MSDS.
F. Opening to Traffic. Only allow traffic on a deck after a treated
area does not track.
512.06 Treating Concrete Bridge Decks with Gravity-Fed
Resin.
This work shall consist of preparing and treating the concrete bridge deck with
a gravity-fed crack welding system in accordance with these specifications in
reasonably close conformity with the plans and the manufacturer’s
recommendations and as directed by the Engineer.
A. Limitations. Do not perform this work during the
period beginning November 1st and ending March 31st.
Prior to resin
application insure that the surface to be treated is visibly dry with a
temperature between 40 °F (4 °C) and 100 °F (38 °C). Do not apply the resin
within 24 hours after a rain, during rain, when rain is forecast within 12
hours or when the ambient air temperature is below 40 °F (4 °C).
B. Surface Preparation First remove roadway dirt
and debris from the area to be treated. Sweep abrasive blasted surfaces to
which the sealer is to be applied, then manual or power broom swept and blown
with compressed air so that they are dry and free of dust and dirt. Use high
pressure compressed air to blow all loose material from visible cracks. Use a
high pressure water blast followed by an air blast if particles are highly
embedded in the cracks, to clean cracks. Fit the cleaning equipment with
suitable traps, filters, drip pans, dryers and other devices to prevent oil and
other foreign material from being deposited on the surface. Do not allow
traffic on the clean surfaces prior to application of the sealer. Remove
existing pavement marking according to section 641.10. Remove all traces of
asphalt or petroleum products and concrete curing by the abrasive blasting
prior to air sweeping.
C. Application Pre-mark the deck to control mixed material usage and to provide a rate of
application of approximately 100 to 150 square feet per gallon (2.45 to 3.68
m²/L). The Engineer will determine the exact rate but will not exceed 150
square feet per gallon (3.68 m²/L). Flood the area to
be sealed with resin. Allow the resin to penetrate into the concrete and fill
all cracks. Mix the resin to a limit of 5 gallons (19 L) at a time for
manual application. Reject resin with a significant increase in viscosity.
Redistribute excess material by a squeegee within 10 minutes after application.
Front and back movement with the squeegee is recommended over cracks and patch
perimeters to enhance penetration. Take all steps necessary to prevent the
resin from flowing into lanes open to traffic. Broadcast sand over the entire
sealed area of the bridge deck by mechanical means to effect
a uniform coverage of 1 pound (0.45 kg) per 2 to 3 square foot (0.1858 to
0.2787 square meter).
Protect the treatment
from moisture for not less than 6 hours after placement.
D. Traffic. Do not permit traffic on the treated deck until
the resin is tack free, a minimum of 6 hours has elapsed since treatment, and the
sand cover adheres sufficiently to resist brushing off by hand.
512.07 Sealing Cracks by Epoxy Injection. This
specification covers the repair of dry, moist or wet cracks or fractures that
are 2 to 100 mils (50 to 2500 µm) in thickness in reinforced concrete
members. The repair is by means of an epoxy injection system. This system
shall consist of a paste epoxy used to seal the surface cracks and an injection
epoxy used under low pressure, 200 psi (1400 kPa)
max., to penetrate and fill the cracks and bond the crack surfaces together.
Material for each epoxy shall consist of a two-component modified resin bonding
system. The unmodified resin shall be known as Component A and the hardener as
Component B.
Arrange
to have a manufacturer’s representative at the job site to familiarize him and
the Engineer with the epoxy materials, application procedures and recommended
pressure practice. This representative shall direct at least one complete crack
or area injection and be assured prior to his departure from the project that
the personnel are adequately informed to satisfactorily perform the remaining
repairs.
Furnish
the Engineer a copy of the manufacturer’s comprehensive preparation, mixing and
application instructions which have been developed especially for use with the
proposed epoxy injection system. Ensure that any significant changes to these
instructions which are recommended by the representative for an unanticipated
situation have been approved by the Engineer prior to the adoption of such
changes.
Clean
concrete surfaces adjacent to the cracks to be sealed only to the extent
necessary to achieve an adequate bond with the paste epoxy, and only by
procedures which will not cause abrasive grits or concrete dust to penetrate
the cracks. Do not permit the use of solvents or thinners in cracks or on
bonding surfaces.
Install
injection ports or tees in cracks to be injected. Space injection ports or tees
at 6 to 12 inches (150 to 300 mm) vertically and 6 to 18 inches (150 to 450 mm)
horizontally but in no case closer together than the thickness of the concrete
member if full depth penetration is desired unless otherwise specified or
directed. Set ports or tees in dust free holes made either with vacuum drills
or chipping hammers. Seal all surface cracks in the area to be repaired, after
injection ports or tees have been inserted into the holes, with paste epoxy
between ports to ensure retention of the pressure injected epoxy within the
confines of the member. The Department will allow an alternative procedure of
sealing the cracks before the injection holes have been made. Limit the
application of paste epoxy to clean and dry surfaces. Limit substrate
temperatures to not less than 45 °F(7 °C) during epoxy
applications.
Begin
the epoxy injection at the bottom of the fractured area and progress upward
using a port or tee filling sequence that will ensure the filling of the
lowermost injection ports or tees first.
Establish
injection procedures and the depths and spacings of
holes at injection ports or tees. Use epoxy with flow characteristics and
injection pressure that ensure no further damage will be done to the member
being repaired. Ensure that the epoxy will first fill the innermost portion of
the cracked concrete and that the potential for creating voids within the crack
or epoxy will be minimized.
Remove
the injection ports or tees flush with the concrete surface after the fractured
area has been filled and the epoxy has partially cured (24 hours at ambient
temperature not less than 60 °F (16 °C), otherwise
not less than 48 hours). Roughen the surfaces of the repaired areas to achieve
uniform surface texture. Remove any injection epoxy runs or spills from
concrete surfaces.
Obtain
two 4-inch (100 mm) diameter core samples in the first 100 linear feet (30 m)
of crack repaired and one core for each 100 linear feet (30 m) thereafter. Take
the core samples from locations determined by the Engineer and for the full
crack depth. Cores will be visibly examined by the Engineer to determine the
extent of epoxy penetration. Repair the core holes in the concrete with
material specified in 705.21.
A. General. Apply an even and uniform coating
of asphalt materials using brushes, squeegees, or spray equipment.
If using spray
equipment, provide portable power pressure type spraying equipment capable of
being moved to the location of the waterproofing operation.
Protect concrete
surfaces not covered with waterproofing from overspray, spilling, or otherwise
marring of the surface with the asphalt materials.
Ensure that the edge
of any exposed application is sharply defined true to line with a uniform
exposure.
Do not apply
waterproofing fabric or membranes over attachments and hardware. Seal the
discontinuities in waterproofing with Asphalt, 702.06, or hot applied joint
sealer, 705.04.
1.
Asphalt Materials. Remove concrete projections. Using wire brushes
and clear water, remove dirt and the outside film of cement. Before
applying asphalt materials, ensure that the concrete is clean and dry and the
concrete temperature is at least 40 °F (4 °C).
2.
Membranes. Remove protrusions from the concrete. Sweep off dirt and
dust, and blow the concrete clean. Fill joints or cracks greater than 3/8
inch (10 mm) wide with portland
cement mortar. In addition to the above, remove oil and grease from
surfaces for Type 3 membranes using water and a detergent designed to remove
oil and grease from concrete. Flush residual detergent from the
surface. Do not allow traffic on the cleaned surface.
C. Primer Coat. Apply the primer coat at the rate of 0.10 to 0.
20 gallon (0.50 to 1.00 L) of asphalt material per square
yard (square meter).
For primer coats
applied between June 1 and September 1, use asphalt primer for waterproofing or
emulsified asphalt primer conforming to 512.02.
For primer coats
applied between September 1 and June 1, use asphalt primer for waterproofing
conforming to 512.02.
If practical, apply
asphalt emulsion using spray equipment.
If subjected to
traffic, spread sand on the primer coat for protection. Broom off excess sand before applying asphalt waterproofing.
D. Type A Waterproofing. This type of waterproofing consists of one
primer coat and at least two coats of asphalt material conforming to 702.06
to provide a total of at least 1 gallon (5 L) of asphalt per square yard (m²)
on flat areas and at least 1/2 gallon per square yard (3 L/m²) on vertical or
sloping surfaces. Start applying the waterproofing at the lowest point,
and progress to a higher elevation. Uniformly cover the surface except
apply more asphalt in corners and over construction joints. Apply the
asphalt material at a temperature from 250 to 350 °F (121 to 177 °C).
E. Type B Waterproofing. This type of waterproofing consists of one
primer coat, three coats of asphalt material conforming to 702.06, and two
layers of waterproofing fabric conforming to 711.24 applied as follows:
1.
On a clean, dry, and well-primed surface, apply a thorough coating of asphalt
at a temperature from 250 to 350 °F (121 to 177 °C).
2.
Apply the coating at a rate of at least 1/3 gallon per square yard (1.5 L/m²)
of surface.
3.
While the asphalt is hot enough to penetrate the fabric, lay the fabric
according to the following:
a.
Surfaces Wider than Normal Fabric Strip. For the first strip, lay a
half-width [normally 18 inches (0.5 m) wide] strip of fabric. For the
second strip use a full-width strip of fabric, and lap the entire width of the
first strip. Lap each succeeding strip 2 inches (50 mm) more than
half its full width. Lap the fabric strips in the direction of water
flow.
b.
Surfaces with Same Width as Fabric Strip. For the first strip, lay a
full-width strip. For the second strip, lay another full-width strip,
covering the first.
Lay each strip
without wrinkles, folds, or pockets. Thoroughly coat the strip with
asphalt for the full width of the lap before laying the succeeding strip.
Each application shall entirely conceal the texture of the fabric.
4.
Apply a final coat of asphalt to provide a thorough covering for the fabric.
5.
For all three coats, use a total of at least 1 gallon (5 L) of asphalt
waterproofing material per square yard (m²).
Lap ends of fabric
strips at least 12 inches (0.3 m), and stagger the end joints.
F. Type D Waterproofing. This type of waterproofing consists of one
primer coat, one layer of waterproofing fabric conforming to 711.24 over
joints, three coats of asphalt material conforming to 702.06, and two shingled
plies of asphalt saturated waterproofing fabric conforming to 711.24.
Prime the surface to
be waterproofed and allow the primer to dry. Fill joints and
irregularities in the surface with asphalt cement. Lay a layer of fabric
extending at least 9 inches (230 mm) on both sides of all joints. Leave
the underside of this layer unbonded to the concrete
surface.
Apply the asphalt at
a temperature from 250 to 350 °F (121 to 177 °C) and conceal the texture of
each layer of fabric with the asphalt. Use at least 1/3 gallon (1.5 L) of
asphalt per square yard (m²) of surface for each application. Begin
applying the asphalt and fabric at the low side or sides of the surface, and
proceed toward the apex or high side so that water runs over and not against or
along the laps of the fabric. Lay the fabric without wrinkles, folds, or
pockets. Lap ends of fabric strips at least 12 inches (0.3 m), and stagger
the end joints.
Start applying
waterproofing by mopping asphalt on a surface slightly wider than half the
width of the fabric strip. Immediately lay a half-width strip of the
fabric onto the asphalt. Mop asphalt on this strip and an adjacent
surface slightly wider than half the width of the fabric, and lay a full width
of fabric that entirely covers the first strip. Mop asphalt on the second
half of this second strip and an adjacent concrete surface and lay a third
strip of fabric that laps the first strip at least 2 inches (50 mm).
Continue this process of applying asphalt and laying fabric until the entire
surface is covered and each strip of fabric laps the next to last strip already
placed by at least 2 inches (50 mm). Finish laying fabric with a
partial-width strip and mop the entire surface with asphalt.
G. Type 2 Membrane Waterproofing. This type of waterproofing consists of a
rubberized asphalt and peel-and-stick waterproofing membrane 711.25. If
the ambient temperature is below 50 °F (10 °C), use a manufacturer recommended
primer coat for vertical surface application. After installing the primer
coat, if required, remove the membrane’s release liner and place the adhesive
side on the prepared concrete surface. Lay the membrane smooth and free
of wrinkles. Lap joints in membranes by at least 1 inch
(25 mm). Store membrane materials indoors at
temperatures not to exceed 120 °F (49 °C).
For precast concrete
three- and four-sided structures, install Type 2 membrane on the exterior
vertical and exterior top horizontal surfaces.
H. Type 3 Membrane Waterproofing. This type of waterproofing consists of a primer
coat conforming to 705.04 and a waterproofing membrane consisting of
a high density asphalt mastic between two layers of
polymeric fabric conforming to 711.29. The
application of this product shall follow the manufacturer’s written
recommendations, which shall be provided to the project.
Keep membrane and
primer materials dry before installation.
Heat the membrane
primer in an oil primer heated, double-jacket kettle. Use a kettle that
is clean and free of other materials with any obvious buildup scraped
out. The Contractor may use a single-jacket kettle if the primer is
capable of being heated in direct fire to the application temperature. Heat primers within the manufacturer’s recommended temperatures.
On bridges with
curbs, apply the primer and membrane 3 inches (75 mm) up the curb face.
On prestressed box beam bridges with no approach
slab, apply the primer and membrane 6 inches (150 mm) over the ends of the
beams. On prestressed and slab bridges with
approach slabs, apply the primer 2 feet (600 mm) out onto the approach slab.
If the plans require
a Type 3 membrane on the top exterior surface of precast concrete three- or
four-sided structures, apply the primer and membrane to overlay the vertical
exterior sides of the structure by 12 inches (300 mm).
Apply primer no
further than 5 feet (1.5 m) in front of the membrane using a squeegee to fill
all voids and imperfections. Apply membrane from the low to the high side
of the surface. Apply an extra bead of primer at the edge of the
membrane. Lap joints in membranes by at least 3 inches
(75 mm). After installing the membrane over the entire surface,
seal joints in the membrane by applying primer and smoothing with a V-squeegee.
If asphalt pavement is to be placed directly over the water proofing membrane,
first apply tack coat as specified in 407 without damaging the
membrane.
512.09 Method of Measurement. The
Department will measure Waterproofing, of the type specified, by the number of
square yards (square meters) or on a lump sum basis.
The
Department will measure sealing of concrete surfaces by the number of square
yards (square meters) of coated area projected to a two-dimensional surface.
The
Department will measure the removal of existing coatings from concrete surfaces
in square yards (square meters) removed.
The
Department will measure the sealing of concrete bridge decks with HMWM resin and treating concrete bridge decks with SRS as
the actual area in square yards (square meters ) of surfaces treated.
The
Department will measure the actual length in linear feet (meters) of crack
repaired by epoxy injection.
512.10 Basis of Payment. The
Department will pay for accepted quantities at the contract prices as follows:
The
Department will consider the cost for the obtaining and repairing the two cores
used by the Engineer to determine the extent of the epoxy penetration as
incidental to the work of repairing the concrete by epoxy injection.
The
Department will consider the removal of dust, dirt, oil, wax, curing compounds,
efflorescence, laitance, and other foreign materials as incidental to the
surface preparation of the concrete surfaces to be sealed. When the surface to
be sealed contains an existing coating, the Department will consider all
materials, equipment and labor to remove the existing coating as incidental to
the removal of existing coatings.
Item
Unit
Description
512
Square
Yard
Sealing of concrete surfaces
(Square Meter)
512
Square
Yard
Sealing of concrete surfaces
(Square Meter)
(non-epoxy)
512
Square
Yard
Sealing of concrete surfaces
(Square
Meter)
(epoxy urethane)
512
Square
yard
Sealing of concrete bridge
(Square
Meter)
decks with HMWM resin
512
Square
yard
Treating concrete bridge
(Square
Meter)
decks with SRS
512
Square
yard
Treating concrete bridge
(Square
Meter)
decks with Gravity-Fed Resin
512
Foot
Concrete repair by epoxy injection
(Meter)
512
Square Yard
Type A Waterproofing
(Square Meter)
or Lump Sum
512
Square
Yard
Type B Waterproofing
(Square Meter),
or Lump Sum
512
Square
Yard
Type D Waterproofing
(Square Meter),
or Lump Sum
512
Square
Yard
Type 2 Waterproofing
(Square Meter),
or Lump Sum
512
Square
Yard
Type 3 Waterproofing
(Square Meter),
or Lump Sum
512
Square
Yard
Removal of Existing Coatings from Concrete
(Square
Meter)
Surfaces