ITEM 614 MAINTAINING TRAFFIC
614.01
Description
614.02 Traffic
Facilities
614.03 Traffic
Control - General
614.04 Work
Zone Marking Signs
614.05 Road
Closed
614.055 Surface
Condition Signs
614.06 Detour
Signing
614.07 Traffic
Maintained
614.08 Flaggers
614.09 Law
Enforcement Officer
614.10 Work
Zone Traffic Signals
614.11 Work
Zone Pavement Markings
614.115
Work Zone Raised Pavement Markers
614.12 Pavement
Marking Operations
614.13 Asphalt
Concrete for Maintaining Traffic
614.14
Performance
614.15 Method
of Measurement
614.16 Basis of
Payment
614.01 Description. This work
consists of maintaining and protecting vehicular, bicycle and pedestrian
traffic according to these provisions. For through traffic, the Special
Provisions or the plans will designate whether the highway will be closed with
detours, roads and run-arounds provided or whether traffic will be maintained
through all or portions of the project.
614.02 Traffic Facilities. Construct
and maintain facilities for vehicular, bicycle, and
pedestrian traffic of the highway, including all walks, bicycle lanes,
roads, bridges, culverts, and traffic control devices. The
Department will maintain public highways used as a detour beyond the work
limits of the contract.
A.
For local traffic, provide and safely maintain drives, roads, run-arounds,
walks, structures, and other facilities. Provide safe vehicular, bicycle,
and pedestrian ingress and egress for all property adjacent to any
improvement. Provide approaches and crossings of intersecting highways,
bicycle lanes, and maintain them in a safe condition. Maintenance
includes snow and ice removal as needed.
B.
When the highway under construction is being used by through traffic, including
periods of suspension of the Work, maintain it so that it is smooth, free from
potholes, ruts, ridges, bumps, and other
pavement deficiencies. Furnish proper maintenance of traffic facilities
and proper provisions for traffic control as per 105.14. For the portions of
highway being used, provide the necessary outlets to allow free drainage.
Maintain pipe trenches or other openings left in hard surface pavements with
material of comparable quality. Contractor maintenance responsibilities,
including pothole patching begins for a section of highway when the Contractor
begins the Work in that section and ends with the acceptance of the Work under 109.11 or 109.12.
The two directions of a divided highway are considered separate highway
sections and the start of Work on one direction does not begin maintenance
responsibilities on the other direction.
C.
Remove from the Project as necessary, abrasives and salt residues left by
Department or local government snow and ice control operations.
D.
Ensure positive drainage into structures that have inlet windows without grates
during pavement overlay operations when traffic will be maintained on a
pavement course lower than the inlet window. Provide a minimum of 2 inch
(50 mm) holes spaced at 2 feet (0.6 m) or a minimum of three 4 inch (100 mm)
holes spaced at 4 feet (1.2 m) drilled into the vertical wall of the existing
drainage structure below the inlet window. Place steel or iron plating of
at least ¼ inch (6 mm) thickness that completely covers the drilled holes prior
to construction of the finished pavement course.
614.03 Traffic Control General. Conform
to the requirements of the plan, standard construction drawings shown on the
plans, and the OMUTCD, for the installation, maintenance, and
operation of all traffic controls and traffic control devices. When the
plans or standard construction drawings do not cover a specific traffic control
situation, place the necessary traffic control devices according to the OMUTCD
and use the procedures required by the OMUTCD.
Furnish
portable changeable message signs, arrow boards, and impact attenuators that
are pre-qualified according to the Department’s Approved List.
Furnish
cones, drums, signs, sign supports, barricades and other traffic control
devices that are certified to meet NCHRP 350 or MASH Test Level 3: Do not use heavy
non-yielding devices or supports that are not crashworthy.
Use
Type G, H or J reflective sheeting complying with 730.19, 730.192
and 730.193, respectively, for faces of
construction signs, barricades, vertical panels, object markers, and stripes on
glare screen panels. In addition, the Contractor may also use Type G sheeting
referred to as damage control for these devices, provided it meets 730.19.
Use
fluorescent orange reflective sheeting for all orange construction signs,
object markers, and stripes on glare screen paddles. Use standard orange or
fluorescent orange reflective sheeting for the orange portions of drums,
barricades and vertical panels.
Furnish
drums with reboundable reflective sheeting complying
with the requirements of 730.191.
Ensure that owner identification markings on construction drums are no more
than 1 inch (25 mm) in character height and are located at least 2 inches (50
mm) below the reflectorized bands or on the top or bottom horizontal surfaces
of the drum. Ballast the drums according to the manufacturer’s
recommendations.
Furnish
traffic cones consisting of a highly visible orange predominant color.
Ensure that the pavement markings for traffic maintenance conform to Item 640.
Furnish
warning signs in advance of channelizing devices such as barricades, drums,
vertical panels, and cones.
Keep
retroreflective materials clean and in good
condition.
Equip
all project motor vehicles with photo strobe lights, LED warning lights, or
rotating beacons meeting Class 1 specifications for color and intensity as
defined by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE).
Photo
strobe lights, LED warning lights, or rotating beacons shall be horizontally
visible from all directions (360 degrees) at a distance of 100 feet minimum. In
order to ensure this visibility, the light shall in no way be obstructed from
view by any signs or appurtenances on the vehicle.
Activate
the photo strobe lights, LED warning lights, or rotating beacons and all hazard
lights anytime the vehicle is entering, exiting or operating in a traveled lane
at a speed less than the posted speed within the limits of the work zone or one
mile of either end of the work zone.
In
addition, equip all project motor vehicles and trailers having a gross vehicle
weight rating of 10,000 pounds or greater, in single or combination, with
conspicuity tape. Also, delineate all NCHRP 350 Category IV equipment (arrow boards, portable
changeable message signs, etc.) with conspicuity tape.
Conspicuity
Tape: Use red and white, Type G, H, or J retroreflective
sheeting that complies with 730.19, 730.192, and 730.193.
A. Apply one 2-inch wide (minimum)
horizontal stripe of Type G, H, or J retroreflective
sheeting to a minimum of 50 percent of the length of each side of the payload
portion of the motor vehicle, rearward from the back of the cab, NCHRP 350 Category IV equipment and trailers. Space lengths of tape evenly over the length of the payload portion
of the motor vehicle rearward from the back of the cab, NCHRP 350 Category IV equipment, and trailers.
The centerline for each strip of retroreflective
sheeting shall be between 15 inches and 60 inches above the road surface when
measured with the vehicle empty or unladen, or as
close as practicable to this area.
B. Outline the lower rear facing area of
the motor vehicle, NCHRP 350 Category IV equipment,
and trailers with 2-inch wide (minimum) horizontal stripe of Type G, H, or J retroreflective sheeting. Apply the lower horizontal
markings extending the width of the motor vehicle, NCHRP 350 Category IV equipment, and trailer as close
as practical to the edge of the motor vehicle, NCHRP 350 Category IV equipment, and trailer. The
centerline for each strip of lower horizontal retroreflective
sheeting shall be between 15 inches and 72 inches above the road surface when
measured with the vehicle empty or unladen, or as
close as practicable to this area.
C. Outline the upper rear facing area
with two pairs of strips of 2-inch wide (minimum) retroreflective
Type G, H, or J sheeting, each pair consisting of strips 12 inches long, must
be positioned horizontally and vertically on the right and left upper corners
of the rear of the body of each motor vehicle or trailer, as close as
practicable to the top of the motor vehicle or trailer and as far apart as practicable.
If the perimeter of the body, as viewed from the rear, is not square or
rectangular, the strips may be applied along the perimeter, as close as
practicable to the uppermost and outermost areas of the rear of the motor
vehicle or trailer on the left and right sides.
Escort
transport or delivery vehicles without proper photo strobe lights, LED warning
lights, or rotating beacons or conspicuity tape to and from the work zone only
with the approval of the Engineer. This exception is intended for limited use
at the discretion of the Engineer and will only be considered following a
written request by the contractor. Otherwise, equip all project vehicles with
photo strobe lights, LED warning lights, or rotating beacons and conspicuity
tape as described herein.
If
equipment, vehicles, and material are stored or parked on highway
rights-of-way, locate them not less than 6 feet (2 m) behind existing guardrail
or not less than 30 feet (9 m) beyond the traveled way unless otherwise
permitted by the Engineer. At night if any such material or equipment is
stored between the side ditches, or between lines 6 feet (2 m) behind any
raised curbs, clearly outline them with dependable lighted devices that are
approved by the Engineer.
All
temporary traffic control devices shall conform to the Quality
Standards for Temporary Traffic Control Devices and Acceptable Delineation
Methods for Vehicles.
614.04 Work Zone Marking Signs. Furnish,
install, maintain, and subsequently remove work zone marking signs and their
supports within the work limits according to the following requirements:
A. Erect a NO EDGE LINES sign in advance
of any section of roadway lacking OMUTCD
standard edge line markings. Ensure these signs are in place before
opening the roadway to traffic. Erect these signs on each entrance ramp,
at intersections of through roads to warn entering or turning traffic of the
conditions, and at least once every 2 miles (3 km) along the
roadway. Remove these signs when they no longer apply.
B. Erect a DO NOT PASS sign at the
beginning and a PASS WITH CARE sign at the end of each no passing zone lacking OMUTCD
standard center line markings.
614.05 Road Closed. When the highway is closed
to traffic, furnish, erect, maintain, and subsequently remove advanced warning
signs and supports, barricades, ROAD CLOSED signs on the barricades, and Type B
yellow flashing lights at the following locations:
A. Work limits of the project.
B. Work limits on all intersecting roads.
C. Any other points specified in the
Contract.
Throughout
construction, furnish, erect, maintain, and subsequently remove all signs,
lights, barricades and other traffic control devices required by the OMUTCD,
plans, or standard construction drawings for the maintenance of local traffic.
614.055
Surface Condition Signs. Erect a GROOVED PAVEMENT sign
250 feet (75 m) in advance of any section of roadway where traffic must travel
on a planed surface. Ensure these signs are in
place before opening the roadway to traffic. Erect these signs on each
entrance ramp and at intersections of through roads to warn entering or turning
traffic of the conditions. Payment for these signs to be
included in Item 614 Maintaining Traffic.
A. Department Detour Signing. When the Contract Documents do not require the
Contractor to furnish the signing for designated detour routes, the Department
will furnish, erect, maintain, and subsequently remove the detour routing signs
and supports required on the designated detour highways outside the Project.
B. Contractor Detour Signing. When the Contract Documents provide a pay item for
Detour Signing and the plans provide a detour-signing plan, provide, maintain,
and subsequently remove all required detour signing and supports according to
the detour signing plan.
614.07 Traffic Maintained. Where the
highway under construction is being used by through traffic, including periods
of suspension of the work, furnish and maintain pavement markings, lights,
construction signs, barricades, guardrail, sign supports, and such other
traffic control devices. Maintain pre-existing roadside safety hardware
at an equivalent or better level than existed prior to project implementation.
Also, provide law enforcement officers, watchmen, and flaggers as necessary to
maintain safe traffic conditions within the work limits as directed by the
Engineer.
The
Department will furnish and erect regulatory signs and guide signs, unless
otherwise shown on the plans, within the work limits on all traffic maintained
projects. The Contractor is responsible for maintenance of these
signs. The Engineer will approve the erection and removal of any
regulatory signs not shown on the plans.
Keep
existing signs including 630.09 Specific Service
and Tourist-Oriented Directional Signs and traffic control devices in use
within the work limits during the construction period unless otherwise
indicated on the plans. If existing signs and other traffic control
devices must be relocated or modified as a consequence of the work, provide
suitable supports and modify the devices with prior approval of the Engineer
and the concurrence of the maintaining agency. Keep
existing STOP or YIELD signs functioning at all times. The Contractor may
adjust the position of these signs with the Engineer’s approval. Relocate
existing signs that must be adjusted laterally according to the OMUTCD.
Restore relocated or modified signs to the position and condition that existed
before construction as directed by the Engineer. When signs are to be
covered, provide an opaque covering that covers the entire message, symbol and
all of the sign within the border. Do not use fastenings that damage the
sign or reflective face; however, the Contractor may use rivets to attach rigid
overlay panels. Do not apply adhesive tapes directly to the face of the
sign.
When
an existing signal operation must be interrupted for a period of time, provide
a traffic control method approved by the Engineer.
Whenever
it is necessary to divert the flow of traffic from its normal channel into
another channel, clearly mark the channel for such diverted traffic with cones,
drums, barricades, vertical panels, pavement markings, or arrow boards. Also
use this method of marking where working adjacent to the part of the highway in
use by the public.
Obtain
the approval of the Engineer before closing a traffic lane or establishing a
one-way traffic operation.
614.08 Flaggers. Whenever one-way traffic is
established, use at least two flaggers unless the Engineer authorizes
otherwise, and erect signs, cones, barricades, and other traffic control
devices according to the OMUTCD.
Reflectorize traffic control devices as previously noted. Maintain
positive and quick means of communication between the flaggers at the opposite
ends of the restricted area.
Equip
flaggers according to the standards for flagging traffic contained in the OMUTCD.
During a flagging operation, other than an intersection or a spot location best
controlled by a single flagger, ensure that each flagger uses a STOP/SLOW
paddle conforming to the OMUTCD.
Mount the paddle on top of a 6 1/2-foot (2 m) handle. Ensure that each
face of the paddle is made of Type G reflective sheeting meeting the
requirements of 730.19. While
flagging, do not allow flaggers to perform other work activities. The
Contractor may, instead of using flaggers, or supplemental to them, furnish,
install, and operate a traffic signal or signals, for the purpose of regulating
traffic according to a written agreement approved by the Engineer.
614.09 Law Enforcement Officer. When
shown on the plans, furnish the services of a law enforcement officer and
patrol car equipped with flashing lights.
614.10 Work Zone Traffic Signals. If shown
on the plans, furnish, erect, maintain, and subsequently remove signal
equipment conforming to Items 632 and 732, and signal controller equipment of a proper type
and capacity to provide the required operation. Furnish and install
Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) conforming to 733.09. Subject to the Engineer’s
approval, the Contractor may use new equipment that is to be installed later on
the project, or may install used equipment in good condition provided such used
equipment meets current Department specifications. The performance test
in 632.28 and the working drawing requirements
of 632.04 are waived. Recondition used
equipment as necessary to ensure proper operation. Operate work zone
traffic signals conforming to the requirements of the OMUTCD
and subject to the approval of the Engineer.
Procure
and pay for electric power for work zone traffic signals. Do not alter
the operation of an approved work zone traffic signal without the Engineer’s
approval. Correct any malfunctions or failures without delay. Cover
or remove work zone traffic signals not in use.
614.11 Work Zone Pavement Markings. Furnish,
install, maintain, and, when necessary, remove work zone retroreflective
pavement markings on existing, reconstructed, resurfaced or temporary roads
within the work limits, according to the following requirements.
A. Acceptability and Expected Duration. The Engineer will evaluate the markings
according to the three performance parameters contained in Supplement
1047. Repair or replace the markings when the numerical rating is
seven or lower for durability, visual effectiveness and night visibility.
Repair or replace unsatisfactory markings immediately and at no additional cost
to the Department, if the markings were in place for 120 calendar days or
less. The Department will compensate under the applicable contract pay
item for work zone pavement marking for the ordered replacement of worn
markings after 120 calendar days under traffic.
B. Work Zone Marking
Specifications. Equip
traffic paint striping equipment for Class I and Class III markings with a
computerized Data Logging System (DLS) conforming to 641.04 when the length of marking exceeds
0.5 miles (0.8 km) of continuous line equivalent. Furnish the Engineer daily,
biweekly and final DLS reports according to 641.04.
Unless otherwise
shown on the plans, the Contractor may use 740.02
Type 1 or Type 1A paint or 740.06 Type I
or Type II preformed material for work zone pavement markings. Furnish
painted markings according to Item 642 except that:
1.
For Class I or Class II work zone pavement markings, use the specified
application rate from Table 614.11-1.
Type of Pavement Marking |
Line Width (inch) |
||
4 |
8 |
12 |
|
Gallon per Mile of Line |
|||
Solid Line |
22 |
44 |
66 |
10-foot Dashed Line |
5.5 |
-- |
-- |
4-foot Dashed Line |
2.2 |
-- |
-- |
Dotted Line |
7.3 |
-- |
-- |
Arrows, Symbols, and Words |
1.4 gallons per 100 square feet |
||
Glass Beads: 740.09, Type A |
15 pounds per 100 square feet |
Table 614.11-1M
Type of Pavement Marking |
Line Width (mm) |
||
100 |
200 |
300 |
|
Gallon per Mile of Line |
|||
Solid Line |
52 |
105 |
157 |
3.0 m Dashed Line |
13 |
-- |
-- |
1.2 m Dashed Line |
5.2 |
-- |
-- |
Dotted Line |
17.3 |
-- |
-- |
Arrows, Symbols, and Words |
0.6 liters per square meter |
||
Glass Beads: 740.09, Type A |
7.3 kg per square meter |
2.
For Class III work zone markings, use the specified application rate from Table
614.11-2.
Type of Pavement Marking |
Line Width (inch) |
||
4 |
8 |
12 |
|
Gallon per Mile of Line |
|||
Solid Line |
12 |
24 |
36 |
10-foot Dashed Line |
3 |
-- |
-- |
Dotted Line |
4 |
-- |
-- |
Arrows, Symbols, and Words |
0.75 gallons per 100 square feet |
||
Glass Beads: 740.09, Type A |
7.5 pounds per 100 square feet |
Table 614.11-2M
Type of Pavement Marking |
Line Width (mm) |
||
100 |
200 |
300 |
|
Gallon per Mile of Line |
|||
Solid Line |
28 |
56 |
84 |
3.0 m Dashed Line |
7 |
-- |
-- |
Dotted Line |
9.4 |
-- |
-- |
Arrows, Symbols, and Words |
0.3 liters per square meter |
||
Glass Beads: 740.09, Type A |
3.7 kg per square meter |
Ensure that Type I and
II preformed material conform to 740.06,
except do not place any preformed material containing metal on any surface
unless it will be removed later. Remove work zone pavement markings of 740.06 preformed material before placement
of 642 or 644 surface
course markings at that location. Ensure that preformed material conforms
to Item 645.
C. Work Sequence. Ensure that work zone markings are complete
and in place on all pavement, including ramps, before exposing the pavement to
traffic. When work zone markings conflict with the traffic pattern,
remove them according to 641.10.
D. Layout and Premarking.
Layout and premark
all Class I and Class III Markings according to 641.06. Obtain the Engineer’s approval of
the layout and premarking lines before marking
operations are started.
E. Tolerances. Place lines for final surfaces according to
the tolerances of 641.07. On
surfaces other than final, the Department will allow tolerances twice that in 641.07.
F. Classes of Work Zone Pavement
Markings.
1. Class I Markings (Full Pattern, Full Rate). Use Class I Markings on all surfaces exposed to
traffic for more than 14 days prior to application of final markings and to
over-winter the project, with the following exception: Do not use Class I
Markings on a surface course if thermoplastic, spray thermoplastic or epoxy
final markings are to be applied to the surface course. If thermoplastic, spray
thermoplastic or epoxy final markings are to be applied to the surface course,
use Class III Markings on that course. Apply Class I work zone markings to the
standard dimensions as defined in Item 641, except as follows:
a.
Edge Lines. Class I edge lines shall be 4 inches (100 mm) in width.
b.
Lane Lines. Class I lane lines shall be 4 inches (100 mm) in width.
c.
Channelizing Lines. Class I channelizing lines shall be 8 inches (200 mm)
in width.
2. Class II Markings
(Abbreviated, Full Rate). Use
Class II Markings for short-term use when traffic is to be maintained in
parallel lanes nominally in the same location as permanent lanes and where
tapers or transitions are not required or other features will not likely divert
traffic from the intended path. Class II Markings are limited to center lines,
lane lines and gore markings defined as follows:
a.
Center Lines.
Class II center lines consist of single, yellow 4-inch (100 mm) wide by a
minimum of 4 feet (1.2 m) long dashes spaced at a maximum of 40 feet (12.0 m)
intervals. No Passing Zones must be marked with Class I or Class III Markings
or final markings within 3 calendar days according to 614.11.H.1. Passing Zones must be marked with
Class I or Class III Markings or final markings within 14 calendar days
according to 614.11.H.2.
b.
Lane Lines.
Class II lane lines consist of white 4-inch (100 mm) wide by a minimum of 4
feet (1.2 m) long dashes spaced at a maximum of 40 feet (12.0 m) intervals.
Class II Lane Line Markings must be marked with Class I or Class III Markings
or final markings within 14 calendar days according to 614.11. H. 3.
c.
Gore Markings.
Class II gore markings are continuous, white 4-inch (100 mm) wide lines
normally 50 to 100 feet in length placed at the theoretical gore of an exit
ramp or diverging roadways. Class II Gore Markings must be marked with Class I
or Class III Markings or final markings within 14 calendar days according to 614.11.H.3.
Computerized Data
Logging Systems (DLS) are not required for Class II
Markings.
3. Class III Markings
(Full Pattern, Low Rate). Use Class
III Markings on surface courses that are expected to receive thermoplastic,
spray thermoplastic or epoxy final markings within 30 days. Class III Markings
use a lower application rate which reduces the surface preparation needed prior
to application of thermoplastic, spray thermoplastic
or epoxy final markings. If Class III Markings have been applied and weather
conditions are expected to prevent thermoplastic, spray thermoplastic or epoxy
final markings application for 30 days or more, re-apply Class III Markings if
thermoplastic, spray thermoplastic or epoxy final markings application is
expected to occur within 30 days or apply Class I Markings as necessary to
carry the project through the season or over the winter.
Apply Class III work
zone markings to the standard dimensions as defined in Item 641 except as
follows:
a.
Edge Lines. Class I edge lines shall be 4 inches (100 mm) in width.
b.
Lane Lines. Class I lane lines shall be 4 inches (100 mm) in width.
c. Channelizing Lines. Class I
channelizing lines shall be 8 inches (200 mm) in width.
G. Conflicting Markings. Before placing work zone markings, remove or
cover all conflicting existing markings visible to the traveling public.
1. Removal and Covering
of Markings.
a.
Removal Methods.
Remove the markings so that less than 5% of the line remains visible. Repair
damage to the pavement that results in the removal of more than 1/8 inch of
pavement thickness. Use sand, shot, or water blasting to remove
markings on all asphalt or concrete pavement surfaces. Use only sand,
shot, or water blasting for removal of all pavement markings in preparation for
placing Item 422 Chip Seal or Item 421 Microsurfacing. A
grinder may only be used to remove markings on temporary pavement or pavement
that will be covered or removed prior to project completion (e.g., intermediate
asphalt course). When a grinder drum is mounted to a skid steer loader,
the drum must be able to accommodate a minimum of 150 teeth.
b.
Covering Conflicting Markings. With the Engineer’s approval, use
removable, non-reflective, preformed blackout tape to cover conflicting
markings. Remove or replace the blackout tape within 15 days of
installation. Furnish products according to the Departments Qualified
Products List (QPL).
2. Raised Pavement
Markers. Remove the prismatic
retro-reflector within any raised pavement marker that is in conflict with the
work zone pavement markings. When the work zone pavement markings are
removed and the raised pavement marker is no longer in conflict, thoroughly
clean the recessed reflector attachment area of the casting and install a new
prismatic retro-reflector of the same kind and color. The cost for this
work is incidental to the various pay items.
H. Allowable Duration of Work Zone Markings.
1. No Passing Zones. When existing permanent no-passing-zone markings are
removed or obliterated as the result of a construction operation (pavement
grinding, asphalt concrete pavement overlays, etc.) and the section of pavement
continues to be used by the traveling public, place Class I Center Line
Markings or final center line markings as specified by the plan within 3
Calendar Days unless thermoplastic, spray thermoplastic or epoxy final markings
are to be applied on the surface course. If thermoplastic, spray thermoplastic
or epoxy final markings are to be applied on the surface course, place Class
III Center Line Markings or final center line markings as specified in the plan
within 3 Calendar Days.
a.
Subsequent Work in No Passing Zones. If, after the original markings
are removed or obliterated, the Contractor returns to the subject no passing
zone and places a plan-specified pavement course within the 3-Calendar Day
limit, or performs work in preparation for a subsequent pavement course, the
Contractor shall have temporarily satisfied the conditions of the previous
paragraph. In this event, the 3-Calendar Day limit will begin again.
b.
Liquidated Damages.
For each Calendar Day beyond 3 days that this work remains incomplete, the
Department will assess liquidated damages in the amount of $1000 per Calendar
Day. The Department will treat the time for the completion of
no-passing-zone markings as an interim Completion Date.
2. Passing Zones.
Sections of pavement where passing is permitted in both directions must be
marked with Class I Center Line Markings or final center line markings as
specified by the plan within 14 Calendar Days unless thermoplastic, spray
thermoplastic or epoxy final markings are to be applied on the surface course.
If thermoplastic, spray thermoplastic or epoxy final markings are to be applied
on the surface course, place Class III Center Line Markings or final center
line markings as specified in the plan within 14 Calendar Days.
3. Allowable Duration of
Class II Lane Lines and Gore Markings and Absence of Edge lines. Any time existing permanent lane lines, gore markings,
or edge lines have been removed or obliterated as the result of a construction
operation (pavement grinding, asphalt pavement overlays, pavement widening,
etc.) and the section of pavement continues to be used by the traveling public,
place Class I Markings or final markings as specified by the plan within 14 Calendar
Days unless thermoplastic, spray thermoplastic or epoxy final markings are to
be applied on the surface course. If thermoplastic, spray thermoplastic or
epoxy final markings are to be applied on the surface course, place Class III
Markings or final markings as specified in the plan within 14 Calendar
Days.
a.
Subsequent Work.
If, after the original markings are removed or obliterated, the Contractor
returns to the subject section of pavement and places a plan-specified pavement
course within the 14-Calendar Day limit, or performs specified work that
requires a lane closure (except routine maintenance required by 614.02), the Contractor shall have temporarily
satisfied the conditions of the previous paragraph. In this event, the
14-Calendar Day limit will begin again.
b.
Liquidated Damages.
For each Calendar Day beyond 14 days that this work remains incomplete, the
Department will assess liquidated damages in the amount of $1000 per Calendar
Day. The Department will treat time for the completion of these markings
as an interim Completion Date.
(1)
Continuous Project. If a
section of pavement is in a continuous part of the project, then a new 14-day
limit for renewed work on a section applies to all sections in that part.
(2)
Project in Sections. If the
project is in parts and the traveling public could not discern the parts as one
continuous project, then a new 14-day limit in one part will not apply to the
other parts.
(3)
Freeways and Divided Highways.
Treat the two directional sides of a freeway as separate parts. Work on
one side of a freeway does not create a new 14-day limit for the other side.
I. Removal of Work Zone Markings. Remove work zone retroreflective
pavement markings when necessary. Accomplish removal of work zone pavement
marking by using removal methods specified in 614.11G.1.a for removal of existing markings.
614.115
Work Zone Raised Pavement Markers. Furnish, install, maintain and
subsequently remove work zone raised pavement markers (WZRPMs).
Work zone raised pavement markers may serve as a substitute for, or supplement
to, work zone pavement markings. They are provided in both yellow and white
versions to match the appropriate pavement marking color.
White
units provide reflectorization in one direction while
yellow units may provide reflectorization in either
one direction or two. They are available as units which are readily visible
both night and day as a result of retroreflectors and
brightly colored (white or yellow) housing (Type A) or visible only at night
due to their retroreflectors (Type B).
A. Materials. Furnish materials according to the Department’s Approved
List.
Only use adhesives
that are recommended by the reflector manufacturer and are not epoxy.
Provide markers of
sufficient strength and properly shaped so as not to be dislodged or broken by
impacts from vehicle tires, including those of high pressure truck tires loaded
to 4500 pounds (2040 kilograms).
Provide reflectors
having an area of 0.35 square inches (225 square millimeters) for Type A or 3.0
square inches (1935 square millimeters) for Type B with brightness or specific
intensity (when tested at 0.2 degree angle of observation and the following
angles of incidence) meet or exceed the following:
WZRPM SPECIFIC INTENSITY
Type |
Incidence Angle |
White |
Yellow |
A |
0 |
1.0 |
0.6 |
A |
20 |
0.4 |
0.24 |
B |
0 |
3.0 |
1.8 |
B |
20 |
1.2 |
0.72 |
B |
45 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
Angle of incidence:
Formed by a ray from a light source to the marker and the normal to the leading
edge of the marker face (also horizontal entrance angle)
Angle of observation:
Formed by a ray from a light source to the marker and the returned ray from the
marker to the measuring receptor
Specific intensity:
The mean candlepower of the reflected light (at given incidence and divergence
angles) for each footcandle (10.7 lux) at the
reflector (on a plane perpendicular to the incident light)
Type A markers, when viewed from above, have a visible area of
not less than 14 square inches (9030 square millimeters). When viewed
from the front, parallel to the pavement, as from approaching traffic, Type A
markers have a width of approximately 4 inches (100 mm) and a visible area of
not less than 1.5 square inches (970 square millimeters).
B. Patterns. The patterns of WZRPMs
required for the various types of pavement markings are shown in Table 614.115-1.
SUPPLEMENTAL DELINEATION
(TYPE A OR B)
Type of Line |
Color |
Spacing |
Edge Line |
1-way white or yellow |
20' (6.0 m) c/c |
Lane Line |
1-way white |
40' (12.0 m) c/c or at center of gap |
Dashed Center Line |
2-way yellow |
40' (12.0 m) c/c or at center of gap |
Double Center Line |
2-way yellow |
2 units; 20' (6.1 m) c/c |
Channelizing Line |
1-way white |
10' (3.0 m) or 20' (6.0 m) c/c |
Exit Gore (Outline) |
1-way white |
10' (3.0 m) c/c |
SIMULATED DELINEATION (TYPE
A ONLY)
Type of Line |
Color |
Spacing |
Edge Line |
1-way white or yellow |
10' (3.0 m) c/c |
Edge Line on 1-Lane, 2-Way |
1-way white and 1-way yellow |
white & yellow units back-to-back[2] 10' (3.0
m) |
Lane Line |
1-way white |
3 units at 5'(1.5 m) c/c 30'(9.0 m) gap |
Dashed Center Line |
2-way yellow |
3 units at 5'(1.5 m) c/c 30'(9.0 m) gap |
Double Center Line |
2-way yellow |
2 units[1]; 10' (3.0
m)c/c |
Channelizing Line |
1-way white |
5' (1.5 m) c/c |
Exit Gore (Outline) |
1-way white |
5' (1.5 m) c/c |
[1]
Place units side by side about 4 inches (100 mm) apart.
[2]
Face the proper color and reflector to the oncoming traffic. Place the
units back to back about one quarter inch (6.0 mm) apart.
C. Installation. Attach work zone raised pavement markers to clean, dry
and sound pavement. Remove all loose gravel, sand and dirt from the area of the
line. The minimum pavement temperature for installation is 50
°F (10 °C). When markers are being attached to new concrete
pavement with curing compound remaining, remove the curing compound membrane by
sandblasting or other mechanical cleaning method. Install markers in accordance
with the manufacturer's recommendations.
Work zone raised
pavement markers are not suitable for use from October 15 to April 1. If
the Contractor elects to start or continue work zone pavement markers during
this period, and they fail or are subsequently removed or destroyed by snow and
ice control activities, immediately, at his expense, provide a substitute
traffic guidance system which is effective during day and night and which is
acceptable to the Engineer. Other than for replacement of failed WZRPMs, new installations of WZRPMs
are not permitted from October 1 to April 1.
Place markers
accurately to depict straight or uniformly curving lines. The longitudinal
location of WZRPMs are described in Table 614.115-1 except that the spacing of an
individual WZRPM may be varied by as much as 2 feet
(0.6 m) or 10 percent of the nominal spacing in order to avoid poor pavement
conditions, but the average spacing remains unchanged. Poor pavement conditions
include separated joints, cracks, deteriorated pavement, usually uneven
pavement or where pavement marking material will interfere with the bond.
The lateral location
of WZRPMs follows:
1.
Edge Lines: Install the WZRPM 12 inches (300
mm) outside the work zone pavement marking, if any, or the theoretical edge of
the lane. This offset may vary +6 inches (150 mm) as necessary to avoid
poor pavement conditions.
2.
Lane lines and dashed center lines: Install the WZRPM
in the center of the gap between pavement marking dashes, if any. If a pavement
joint exists, locate the marker approximately 2 inches (50 mm) clear from the
joint (and to the left of it for lane lines). Otherwise, center the WZRPM on the theoretical edge of the lane.
3.
Double center line: Install each WZRPM of the pair in
line with the appropriate pavement marking stripe, if any. If the edge of lane
is demarcated by a crack or joint, the pair of WZRPMs
straddle the joint and install each approximately 2
inches (50 mm) clear from the joint. Otherwise center the pair on the
theoretical edge of lane.
4.
Channelizing Line: Install the WZRPM in line with the
pavement marking stripe or immediately adjacent to the line, except when used
at exit gore outlines where the WZRPM is installed
within the painted gore vee and approximately 12
inches (300 mm) from the pavement marking stripe. Do not install WZRPMs directly on a painted line.
D. Replacement. Maintain WZRPMs in
good condition. A marker will be considered to have failed when the marker is
broken, the marker is worn to the extent that daytime visibility is
significantly diminished or of an unacceptable color (type B only), the reflector
is broken or detached, the marker is detached from the adhesive, the adhesive
is detached from the pavement or the marker or reflector is covered by tar or
paint.
Individual
replacement of each failed marker as it occurs is not recommended due to increased
exposure of workers to traffic. However, maintain the following minimum levels
of marker effectiveness:
1.
For a given line, no more than 20 percent of the WZRPM
units failed in any manner;
2.
For a segment of any line, the number of failed units does not exceed the
maximums permitted in Table 614.115-2.
Line Type |
Normal Spacing Feet (Meter) |
Segment Length Feet (Meter) |
Normal No. Contained In Segment |
Maximum No. Permitted To Fail |
Edge |
10 (3.0) 20 (6.0) |
5 (1.5) 100 (30.0) |
6 |
3 |
Center, Double/Solid |
20 (6.0) 10 (3.0) |
100 (30.0) 50 (15.0) |
12 |
6 |
Lane or Dashed Center |
40 (12.0) 5 (1.5) |
200 (60.0) 1-Stripe |
6 |
3 |
Channelizing |
20 (6.0) 10 (3.0) 5 (1.5) |
100 (30.0) 50 (15.0) 25 (7.5) |
6 |
3 |
Replace all failed
units within any line or segment before conditions deteriorate below the
minimums established in Table 614.115-2. Replace
all failed units within the line or segment within 24 hours after notification
by the Engineer.
E. Removal. Accomplish removal of work zone raised pavement
markers in such a manner that no adhesive remains on the pavement. Do not cause
permanent pavement surfaces to be scarred, broken or significantly roughened.
614.12 Pavement Marking Operations. Perform
moving marking operations with a truck equipped with necessary flashers and
signs, and protect the operations with a similarly equipped vehicle or vehicles
separated a sufficient distance to provide adequate advance warning. Use
the extreme left or right lane for the marking operation when possible.
Where three or more lanes exist in one direction, perform the marking operation
so that traffic passes on one side only.
Protect
stationary marking operations in intersections, school zones, gores and other
areas with traffic control devices such as advance warning signs and cones.
For
stationary operations such as loading material and cleaning equipment, make
every effort to have all equipment completely off the traveled way. When
equipment cannot be removed from the traveled way, operate all traffic control
devices on the vehicles and station flaggers and vehicles to protect the
worksite and the traveling public while maintaining traffic.
614.13 Asphalt Concrete for Maintaining Traffic. The
Contractor may use either a Type 1 or Type 2 mix of Item 448 asphalt concrete PG 64-22, or an asphalt concrete
surface course the Engineer approves.
Where
materials are placed in small quantities or under adverse conditions, the
Engineer may waive specification requirements for placing and finishing if, in
the judgment of the Engineer, it is determined that the Contractor can obtain
satisfactory results in providing a smooth and durable pavement surface.
614.14 Performance. If, in the opinion of the
Engineer, the Contractor is not furnishing proper maintenance of traffic
facilities and proper provisions for traffic control, the Department may take
the necessary steps to place them in proper condition, and the Department will
deduct the cost of such services from any money that may be due or become due
the Contractor.
Identify
all pavement deficiencies within the work area. Repair deficiencies as
soon as possible and within 24 hours from notice of the deficiency.
614.15 Method of Measurement. The
Department will measure Work Zone Marking Signs as the number of sign
installations, including the sign, necessary supports, and all attachment
hardware. The Department will include all other work zone signs under
Maintaining Traffic unless separately itemized.
The
Department will measure Work Zone Pavement Markings complete in place, by class
and material, in the units designated. Line quantities will be the length of
the completed stripe, including gaps, intersections and other sections of
pavement not normally marked. Work Zone Pavement Markings will include the
layout, application and removal of the markings, when required.
The
Department will measure line quantities as the length of the completed stripe,
including gaps, intersections, and other sections of pavement not normally
marked.
The
Department will measure Sign Months for Portable Changeable Message Signs by
the number of months each sign is at the project or project storage yard and
immediately available to the project for use. Measurement will begin when
each unit is in active service and will continue until the Engineer determines
the Portable Changeable Message Sign is no longer needed for the remaining
duration of the project. A Sign Month will be deducted if a PCMS is not working properly for more than 24 hours in one
sign month or if the contractor removes the PCMS from
the project/project storage yard without the Engineer’s determination that it
is no longer needed for the project.
614.16 Basis of Payment. The
Department will make partial payments according to 109.09 and as modified by the following
schedule:
A. If the project duration from first day
of physical work to original completion date is greater than or equal to 45
calendar days,
1.
The Department will pay 30 percent of the lump sum amount bid for Maintaining
Traffic with the first estimate, but not sooner than 15 days after the start of
work at the project site.
2.
The Department will pay the remaining 70 percent of the lump sum amount bid for
Maintaining Traffic according to 109.09.
B. Unless separately itemized, the lump
sum price bid for Maintaining Traffic shall include the cost of removal or
covering of conflicting pavement markings, layout, application and removal of
pavement markings when required, maintaining the existing highway in a safe
condition for public use, removing abrasive and salt residue remaining from
snow and ice control performed by the Department or local governments,
providing flaggers and their equipment, and furnishing, maintaining in an
acceptable condition, and subsequently removing the following work zone traffic
control items as required by the Contract Documents:
1.
Signs, supports, and warning lights.
2.
Drums, cones, gates, barricades, and vertical panels.
3.
Arrow boards.
4.
Work zone traffic signals.
5.
Lighting for work zone signals and flaggers.
C. If traffic permanently damages beyond
use any of the following items, the Department will compensate the Contractor
for the fair market value of the damaged item according to 109.05 provided the Contractor has pursued
but failed to obtain compensation from the motorist. Follow the
procedures given in 107.15 for
compensation for traffic damage to completed permanent items of Work, to obtain
compensation from the motorist before requesting compensation from the
Department.
1.
Arrow board.
2.
Work zone signal, pole, or controller.
3.
Lighting unit or pole.
4. Changeable message sign.
5.
Work Zone Impact Attenuator
The
lump sum price bid for Detour Signing includes the cost of the Contractor
furnishing, installing, maintaining, and removing the detour signing shown on
the plans and their necessary supports.
The
Department will pay for the following items under their associated item
numbers: 502 Bridges, 615 Roads
and Pavement, 622 Concrete
Barrier. The Department will pay for aggregate and calcium chloride
authorized by the Engineer and used for Maintaining Traffic under Items 410 and 616.
The
Department will pay for accepted quantities at the contract prices as follows:
Item
Unit
Description
614
Lump
Sum
Maintaining Traffic
614
Lump
Sum
Detour Signing
614
Each
Replacement Drum
614
Each
Replacement Sign
614
Each
Object Marker, ___ - Way
614
Each,
Work Zone Pavement
Mile,
Foot
Markings
(Kilometer,
Meter)
614
Each
Work Zone Raised Pavement Marker
614
Sign
Month
Portable Changeable Message Sign
614
Each
Work Zone Speed Limit Sign
614
Each
Work Zone Marking Sign
614
Hour
Law Enforcement Officer with Patrol Car
614
Each
Barrier Reflector
614
Each
Work Zone Crossover Lighting System
614
Each
Work Zone Impact Attenuator
614
Mile
(Kilometer)
Work Zone Lane Line, Class ___, ___*
614
Mile
(Kilometer)
Work Zone Center Line,
Class ___, ___*
614
Foot
Work Zone Channelizing
(Meter)
Line, Class I, ___*
614
Mile
(Kilometer)
Work Zone Edgeline, Class I, ___*
614
Foot
Work Zone Gore Marking,
(Meter)
Class II, ___*
614
Foot
Work Zone Stop Line,
(Meter)
Class I, ___*
614
Foot
Work Zone Arrow,
(Meter)
Class I, ___*
614
Foot
Work Zone Crosswalk
(Meter)
Line, Class I, ___*
614
Foot
Work Zone Dotted Line,
(Meter)
Class I, ___*
614
Cubic
Yard
Asphalt Concrete for
(Cubic
Meter)
Maintaining Traffic
*
Type material (642 paint; 740.06, Type I or Type II; or left blank to
allow any of the three.