711 STRUCTURAL STEEL AND STRUCTURE INCIDENTALS
711.01 Structural Steel. Furnish
structural steel conforming to ASTM A 709, Grade 36 (A36), 50 (A572), 50W (A588), or 70W.
Ensure
that materials designated to meet notch toughness requirements have a minimum
longitudinal Charpy V-Notch (CVN)
energy absorption value as listed below. Sample and test according to ASTM A
673/A 673M. Use the (H) frequency of heat testing and provide the
test data as required by 501.06.
ASTM Designation |
Thickness and Connection Method |
Value Min CVN |
A709
Gr. 36 (A36, A36M) |
Up to 4 in (102 mm) mechanically fastened or welded |
15 ft-lb @ 40 °F (20 J @ 4 °C) |
A709
Gr. 50 (A 572/A 572M), A709
Gr. 50W (A 588/A 588M) |
Up to 4 in (102 mm) mechanically fastened |
15 ft-lb @ 40 °F [1] (20 J @ 4 °C) |
A709 Gr.
50 (A 572/A 572M), A709
Gr. 50W (A 588/A 588M) |
Over 2 to 4 in (51 to 102 mm) welded |
20 ft-lb @ 40 °F [1] (20 J @ 4 °C) |
A709
Gr. 50 (A 572/A 72M), A709
Gr. 50W (A 588/A 588M) |
Up to 2 in (51 mm) welded |
15 ft-lb @ 40 °F [1] (20 J @ 4 °C) |
A709
Gr. 70W |
Up to 4 in (100 mm) mechanically fastened or welded |
25 ft-lb @ -10 °F [1] (34 J @ -23 °C) |
[1] If the yield
point of the material exceeds 65 ksi (448 MPa), the temperature of the CVN
value for acceptability should be reduced by 15 °F (8.3 °C) for each
increment, or part of increment, of 10 ksi (69 MPa) above 65 ksi (448 MPa).
711.02 Galvanized Steel. Furnish
galvanize steel according to ASTM
A 123 after cutting, bending, and welding.
At the discretion of the Engineer, replace, re-galvanize, or repair damaged
galvanized material. If a repair is authorized, perform work according to
ASTM A
780 except the Department will not allow aerosol spray applications of
paints containing zinc dust.
Furnish bolts,
nuts, washers, and similar threaded fasteners that are galvanized according to ASTM A
153 or F2329.
These items may be mechanically zinc coated according to ASTM B 695, Class 50.
Except for ASTM A 325 (ASTM A 325M) bolts, electrogalvanizing
may also be used if the coated item meets the thickness coating requirements of
ASTM A 153 or F2329.
711.03 Steel for Piling. Furnish
steel for H-piling conforming to ASTM A 572
Grade 50 / A 572M Grade 345. Furnish steel for sheet piling according to ASTM A
328/A 328M. Furnish steel for cast-in-place reinforced concrete piles
conforming to ASTM A 252, Type 2.
711.04 Cold Rolled Steel. Furnish
cold rolled steel according to ASTM
A 108, Grades 1016 through 1030 for pins, rollers,
trunnions, and other similar parts.
711.07 Steel Castings. Furnish steel castings
according to ASTM A 27/A
27M, Grade 65-35 or Grade 70-36, or AASHTO M103, or ASTM A 148, Grade 90-60, with
the following modification:
Ensure that steel
castings are free from pouring faults, sponginess, cracks, blow holes, and
other defects in positions affecting their strength and value for the service
intended. No sharp, unfilleted angles or
corners are allowed.
711.08
Arc-Welding
Electrodes and Fluxes.
The following applies to all steel, except for exposed bare ASTM A 242/A 242M and ASTM A709 Grade 50W (A 588/A
588M) steels. For exposed bare ASTM A 242/A 242M and A709 Grade 50W (A 588/A 588M)
applications, see Table 711.08-1.
A. Manual shielded metal-arc welding.
1.
AWS A5.1 Low Hydrogen Only
2.
AWS A5.5 Low Hydrogen Only
1.
AWS 5.175
2.
AWS 5.235
C. Gas metal-arc welding, AWS
A 5.185
D. Flux cored arc welding, AWS
A5.205
Filler metal requirements for exposed bare
applications of
ASTM A 242/A 242M and ASTM A709 Grade 50W (A 588/A
588M) steel.
Welding Process
Shielded metal arc |
Submerged arc [5] |
Gas metal arc or Flux cored arc [2],[4], [5] |
E8015, 8016, or 8018 electrodes that deposit weld metal
meeting C1, C1L, C2, C2L, C3, or W analysis |
All electrode-flux combinations that deposit weld metal
with a Ni1, Ni2, Ni3, Ni4, or W analysis [2],[3] |
All electrode-flux combinations that deposit weld metal
with a Ni1, Ni2, Ni3, Ni4, or W analysis |
[2]
Deposited weld metal will have a minimum impact strength of CVN 20 ft-lb (27 J) at 0 °F (-18 °C) (only applied to
bridges).
[3]
The use of the same type filler metal having next higher mechanical
properties as listed in AWS specification is
permitted.
[4]
Deposited weld metal will have a chemical composition the same as that
for any one of the weld metals in this table for the shielded metal arc welding
process.
[5]
In conformance with those classifications allowed under AWS
D1.5 Bridge Welding Code, Tables 4.1 and 4.2.
The Laboratory
will issue a list of approved electrodes and combinations of shielding. The
Laboratory will include electrodes in the list when certified test data
submitted by the manufacturer is found in compliance with the specified
requirements. The certification will cover either process qualification
or quality control tests. To qualify, such tests must be made within one
year before the period covered. For each submission of certified test
data, include the manufacturer’s statement that it will advise the Laboratory
immediately of any change in materials or processing used in the manufacture of
the electrodes made within one year from the date of the tests.
When electrodes
to be used are not included in the Laboratory’s list of approved electrodes and
combinations of shielding, submit certified test data as described above for each
lot showing compliance with the specified requirements.
711.09 High-Strength Steel Bolts, Nuts, and Washers. Furnish
high-strength steel bolts, nuts, and washers according to ASTM A
325 (ASTM A 325M), with the following modification:
11
If necessary for approval, obtain samples from material delivered to the
project site or at other locations designated by the Laboratory.
Furnish bolts for
steel use in bare unpainted applications according to A 325 (A 325M), Type 3.
When galvanized
bolts, nuts, and washers are specified, mechanical galvanizing is permitted.
Use galvanized bolts
to fasten steel that has received an inorganic zinc prime coat according to 514.
Furnish high-strength
steel bolts, nuts, and washers that also meet the requirements of Supplement 1080.
Provide samples to
the Laboratory for acceptance.
711.10 Machine Bolts. Furnish machine bolts
according to ASTM A 307, with the following modification:
If necessary for
approval, obtain samples from material delivered to the project site or at
other locations designated by the Laboratory.
Mechanical
galvanizing is permitted.
711.12 Gray Iron Castings. Furnish
gray iron casting according to ASTM
A 48, Class 30B, with the following modifications:
12
Two or more test bars will accompany each lot of castings or; one pair
of test bars may represent castings shipped to two or more projects provided
the lot number or date cast are cast or anchored in both the bars and
castings. The identifying data or castings shall not interfere with the
use of the casting.
9
In addition, ensure that castings are free from pouring faults,
sponginess, cracks, blow holes, and other defects in positions affecting their
strength and value for the service intended. Ensure that the castings are
generously filleted at angles and the arrises are
sharp and perfect.
17
Ship test bars with the lot or make test bars representing the lot available
to the Laboratory at the place of manufacture or warehouse.
711.13 Ductile Iron Castings. Furnish
ductile iron castings according to ASTM A
536, with the following modifications:
8.1
In addition, ensure that castings are free from pouring faults,
sponginess, cracks, blowholes, and other defects in positions affecting their
strength. Ensure that the castings are generously filleted at angles and arrises are sharp and perfect.
10.1 Send a keel block or Y-block specimen made according
to ASTM A 536 with the
shipment for each heat number, ladle number, and date of casting.
14.1 Submit a certification stating that the test bars
shipped with the castings were prepared according to the specified
requirements.
711.14 Gray Iron and Ductile Iron Castings. Furnish
gray iron and ductile iron castings according to AASHTO M 306, Class 35B, with the following
modifications:
Test bars are
required as outlined in 711.12 and 711.13. In addition, submit certified test data
for monthly proof load testing to the Laboratory with each inspection of
castings from that month.
Design
Approval. Submit designs for cast frames, grates and covers for manholes,
catch basins and inlets that vary from the standard construction drawings to
the Department for approval. Manufacturers will seek approval for such
non-standard designs well in advance of a projects sale date.
711.15 Sheet Copper. Furnish sheet copper
according to ASTM B 370.
711.16 Phosphor Bronze Plate. Furnish
phosphor bronze plate according to ASTM B 100.
711.17 Cast Bronze. Furnish cast bronze
according to ASTM B 22,
Copper Alloy No. C91100, with the following modification:
Finish cast plates to
plane surfaces and finish one plate of a pair at right angles to the other
plate of the pair.
711.18 Leaded Bronze. Furnish leaded bronze
according to ASTM B 584,
Copper Alloy No. C93700, with the following modification:
Finish
cast plates to plane surfaces and finish one plate of a pair at right angles to
the other plate of the pair.
711.19 Sheet Lead. Furnish sheet lead according to ASTM B 29.
711.20 Aluminum for Railings. Furnish
aluminum other than permanent mold castings that conform to the following
requirements:
Portion of Railing |
ASTM Designation |
Alloy |
Condition or Temper (B296) |
Sand castings |
B 26/B 26M |
356.0 |
T6 |
Shims |
B 209 (B 209M) |
1100 |
0 |
Washers |
B 209 (B 209M) |
Clad 2024 6061 |
T4 T6 |
Sheet and plate |
B 209 (B 209M) |
6061 |
T6 |
Drawn seamless tubes |
B 210 |
6061 or 6063 |
T6 |
Bars, rods, wire |
B 211 (B 211M) |
6061 |
T6 |
Bolts, set screws |
B 211 (B 211M) |
2024 [1] 6061 |
T4 T6 |
Nuts |
B 211 (B 211M) |
6061 6262 |
T6 T9 |
Extruded bars, rods, shapes |
B 221 (B 221M) |
6061 or 6063 6351 |
T6 T5 |
Extruded tubes |
B 221(B 221M) |
6061 or 6063 6351 |
T6 T5 |
Pipe |
B 241/B 241M |
6061 or 6063 |
T6 |
Rivets |
B 316(B 316M) |
6061 |
T6 |
[1]
Will have an anodic coating.
For permanent mold
castings for bridge railing posts, provide aluminum according to AASHTO
M 193.
711.21 Preformed Bearing Pads. Composition. Furnish preformed bearing pads consisting
of a fabric and rubber body. Ensure that the pad is made with new, unvulcanized, natural and/or synthetic rubber, and unused
cotton and/or synthetic fabric fibers in proper proportion to maintain strength
and stability.
Physical Properties. The
required surface hardness, expressed in standard rubber hardness figures, is 80
± 10 Shore Durometer. The minimum ultimate
break down limit of pads under compressive loading is 10,000 pounds per square
inch (69 MPa). Furnish pads to specified
dimensions and accurately locate and cleanly cut all bolt holes.
Furnish
materials according to the Department’s Qualified
Products List (QPL).
711.22 Buried Liner Waterproofing Membrane. Furnish
buried liner waterproofing membrane according to ASTM D 7176-06, with the
following modification:
Only
4.1.2 through 4.1.6 is approved.
Furnish
materials according to the Department’s Qualified
Products List (QPL).
711.23 Elastomeric Bearings. Furnish
bearing pads and elastomeric bearings conforming to AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges,
Division II, Construction, Chapter 18, Section 18.4.5.1 Grade 3
requirements. Fabricate elastomeric bearing pads according to Sections
18.5.6.1 and 18.5.6.2. Test pads and bearings according to 18.7.1,
18.7.2.1, 18.7.2.3, 18.7.2.5, 18.7.2.6, 18.7.3, 18.7.4.5, and 18.10.3.
Include testing in the price bid for the bearings. Furnish certified material
according to Supplement 1081.
Furnish
bearing pads and laminated bearings consisting of neoprene cast in molds under
pressure and heat. A plain elastomeric bearing pad and steel load
distribution plate combination is classified as a laminated elastomeric
bearing. Obtain test specimens according to ASTM D 3182 or ASTM D 3183. Where test
specimens are cut from the finished product, a 20 percent variation from the
original physical properties is allowed. The use of compounds of nominal
hardness between the values shown in Table
711.23-1 is permitted and the test requirements interpolated.
Physical Properties |
Grade |
||
50 |
60 |
70 |
|
Hardness, Durometer A, ASTM D 2240. |
50 ± 5 |
60 ± 5 |
70 ± 5 |
Tensile Strength, min psi (MPa), ASTM D 412 |
2500 (17) |
2500 (17) |
2500 (17) |
Elongation at break, min % |
400 |
350 |
300 |
Accelerated Tests to Determine Long-Term Aging Characteristics,
Over-Aged 70 hrs at 212 °F (100 °C), ASTM D 573: |
|
|
|
Hardness, points change, max |
15 |
15 |
15 |
Tensile strength, % change, max |
-15 |
-15 |
-15 |
Elongation at break, % change, max |
-40 |
-40 |
-40 |
Ozone 1 ppm in air by volume 20% strain, 104 °F (40 °C) ASTM D 1149, 100 hrs (Samples to be solvent wiped before test to
remove any traces of surface impurities) |
No cracks |
No cracks |
No cracks |
Compression set 22 hrs/212 °F
(100 °C) ASTM D 395,
Method B, % max |
35 |
35 |
35 |
Adhesion, bond made during vulcanization ASTM D 429 Method B, lb/in (kN/m) |
40 (7.0) |
40 (7.0) |
40 (7.0) |
Furnish
bearing pads that are individually molded, cut from previously molded strips or
slabs, or extruded and cut to length. Mold laminated bearings together
into an integral unit with all edges of internal steel laminates covered by a
1/8-inch (3 mm) minimum thickness of elastomer. Fill indentations or
grooves on the exterior surface of the bearings caused by external laminate
restraining devices to a 1/8 inch (3 mm) minimum cover by a revulcanized
patch; or by a silicon caulk conforming to Federal Specifications TT-S-001543A;
or by an approved equal. Ensure that the bearing manufacturer patches the
bearings.
Ensure
that the external connection or distribution plates of laminated bearings are
the same material as the attached structural steel and are similarly cleaned
and coated. Furnish internal plates according to ASTM A 709 grade 36 or A1011/A1011M, SS Grade 36 or Grade 40.
Minimum thickness for the internal plates is 0.074 inch (1.88 mm). Debur all plates.
The
bearing manufacturer will furnish certified test data for the elastomer, base
plate, steel laminates, and proof load.
The
bearing manufacturer will produce one sample bearing for each bridge structure
in the project plans. Ensure that the sample bearing for each bridge
structure is of the same design and materials as the bearings furnished for
that bridge structure. The bearing manufacturer will ship the completed
sample bearings to an independent testing laboratory for destructive testing
for the following physical properties:
Hardness, Durometer A |
|
Tensile Strength |
|
Elongation at Break |
|
Adhesion bond made during vulcanization |
ASTM D429,
Method B |
Ensure
that the bearing manufacturer submits to the project the certified test data
for the sample bearings from the independent testing laboratory with the
bearing manufacturer’s certified test data for the elastomer, base plate, steel
laminates, and proof load.
711.24 Waterproofing Fabric. Furnish
waterproofing fabric according to ASTM D 173.
Furnish
materials according to the Department’s Qualified products List (QPL).
711.25 Type 2 Membrane Waterproofing.
Physical Properties |
|
Thickness ASTM
D 1777 |
60 mils (1500 mm) min. |
Width |
36 inches (914 mm) min. |
Pliability [180° bend over 1/4 inch (6 mm) mandrel @ -25 °F
(-32 °C)] ASTM D 146 |
No Effect |
Elongation ASTM
D 412 (Die C) |
300% min |
Puncture Resistance-Membrane ASTM E 154 |
40 lb (18
kg) min. |
Permeance (Grains/ft2/hr/in Hg) |
0.1 max. |
Water Absorption (% by Weight) ASTM D 570 |
0.2 max. |
Adhesion to concrete ASTM D 903 |
5.0 min. |
Submit
certified test data and letter of certification to the Engineer.
Furnish
materials according to the Department’s Qualified
Products List (QPL).
711.26 Structural Timber, Lumber and Piling. Furnish
structural timber, lumber and piling according to 712.06,
and AASHTO M 168, with the following modification:
Air-dry or kiln-dry
timber and lumber to a moisture content not to exceed 19 percent by
weight. Size and grade will conform to American Lumber Standards.
Use
only structural timber, lumber, and piling meeting the certification
requirements of Supplement 1072.
711.27 Prestressing Steel Strands. Furnish prestressing steel strands according to ASTM A
416, with the following modification:
11
Sample and inspect as directed by the Laboratory.
711.28 Cellular Polyvinyl Chloride Sponge. Furnish
cellular PVC sponge according to AASHTO M 153, Type I, and with a minimum density of 20
pounds per cubic foot (320 kg/m3).
Furnish
materials according to the Department’s Qualified
Products List (QPL).
711.29 Type 3 Membrane
Waterproofing.
Furnish Type 3 membrane waterproofing conforming to the following requirements.
Physical Properties |
|
Thickness |
0.135 inches (3.43 mm) min. |
Width |
36 inches (914 mm) min. |
Weight |
0.8 lb/ft2
(3.875 kg/mm2) min. |
Tensile strength (machine direction) ASTM D 882 Modified [1] |
275 lb/in
(48.1 N/mm) 200 psi (13.8 MPa) |
Tensile strength ASTM D 882 (90° machine direction) Modified [1] |
150 lb/in
(26.2 N/mm) 1000 psi (6.9 MPa) |
Elongation at break ASTM D 882, Modified [1] |
100% |
Brittleness ASTM
D 517 |
Pass |
Softening point (mastic) ASTM D 36 |
200 °F (93 °C) min. |
Peel adhesion ASTM D 413 [1] |
2.0 lb/in
(0.35 N/mm) |
Cold flex ASTM
D 146 |
No cracking |
Heat stability |
No dripping or delamination |
[1]
12 inches (300 mm)/minute test speed and 1 inch (25 mm) initial distance
between the grips.
Submit
certified test data and letter of certification to the Engineer.
Furnish
materials according to the Department’s Qualified
Products List (QPL).
711.30 Aluminum for Steps. Furnish
aluminum for steps according to ASTM
B 221 (ASTM B 221M), Alloys 6061-T6 or 6005-T5.
Furnish
materials according to the Department’s Qualified
Products List (QPL).
711.31 Reinforced Propylene Plastic Manhole Steps. Furnish
reinforced propylene plastic manhole steps conforming to the details shown on
the plans.
Furnish
steel rod according to 709.01, Grade 60 that is
continuous through the entire length of legs and tread. The steel may be
coated according to ASTM A 934/A 934M. Ensure that the manufacturer furnishes
written certification. Furnish propylene plastic according to ASTM D 4101, Table B
33430. Ensure that the manufacturer furnishes certified test data for the
propylene plastic used in each lot of steps.
Furnish
materials according to the Department’s Qualified
Products List (QPL).