711 STRUCTURAL STEEL AND STRUCTURE INCIDENTALS

711.01 Structural Steel. Furnish structural steel conforming to ASTM A 36/A 36M, A 572/A 572M, Grades 42 through 50; ASTM A 588/A 588M; or ASTM A 709, Grade 36, 50, or 50W.

Ensure that materials designated to meet notch toughness requirements have a minimum longitudinal Charpy V-Notch (CVN) energy absorption value as listed below. Sample and test according to ASTM A 673/A 673M. Use the (H) frequency of heat testing and provide the test data as required by 501.06.

ASTM Designation	Thickness and Connection Method	Value Min CVN
A 36A 36M	Up to 4 in (102 mm) mechanically fastened or welded	15 ft-lb @ 40 °F (20 J @ 4 °C)
A 572/A 572M, A 588/A 588M	Up to 4 in (102 mm) mechanically fastened	15 ft-lb @ 40 °F^[1] (20 J @ 4 °C)
A 572/A 572M, A 588/A 588M	Over 2 to 4 in (51 to 102 mm) welded	20 ft-lb @ 40 °F^[1] (20 J @ 4 °C)
A 572/A 572M, A 588/A 588M	Up to 2 in (51 mm) welded	15 ft-lb @ 40 °F^[1] (20 J @ 4 °C)
[1] If the yield point of the material exceeds 65 ksi (448 MPa), the temperature of the CVN value for acceptability should be reduced by 15 °F (8.3 °C) for each increment, or part of increment, of 10 ksi (69 MPa) above 65 ksi (448 MPa).

711.02 Galvanized Steel. Furnish galvanize steel conforming to ASTM A 123 after cutting, bending, and welding. At the discretion of the Engineer, replace, regalvanize, or repair damaged galvanized material. If a repair is authorized, use a method acceptable to the Engineer.

Furnish bolts, nuts, washers, and similar threaded fasteners that are galvanized according to ASTM A 153. These items may be mechanically zinc coated according to ASTM B 695, Class 50. Except for ASTM A 325 (ASTM A 325M) bolts, electrogalvanizing may also be used if the coated item meets the thickness coating requirements of ASTM A 153.

711.04 Cold Rolled Steel. Furnish cold rolled steel conforming to ASTM A 108, Grades 1016 through 1030 for pins, rollers, trunnions, and other similar parts.

711.07 Steel Castings. Furnish steel castings conforming to ASTM A 27/A 27M, Grade 65-35 or Grade 70-36, with the following modification:

Ensure that steel castings are free from pouring faults, sponginess, cracks, blow holes, and other defects in positions affecting their strength and value for the service intended. No sharp, unfilleted angles or corners are allowed.

711.08 Arc-Welding Electrodes and Fluxes. The following applies to all steel, except for exposed bare ASTM A 242/A 242M and ASTM A 588/A 588M steels. For exposed bare ASTM A 242/A 242M and A 588/A 588M applications, see Table 711.08-1.

Table 711.08-1
Filler metal requirements for exposed bare applications of
ASTM A 242/A 242M and ASTM A 588/A 588M steel.

Shielded metal arc	Welding Process Submerged arc	Gas metal arc or Flux cored arc^[2],[4]
AWS A5.5	AWS A5.23	AWS A5.185
E8016 or 18-G^[1],[2]	F7X-EXXX-W^[2],[3]	AWS A5.20^[5]
E8016 or 18-B1^[2]	F7X-EXXX-B1^[2],[3]	AWS A5.28^[5]
E8016 or 18-B2^[2]	F7X-EXXX-B2^[2],[3]	AWS A5.29^[5]
E8015 or 18-B2L^[2]		62 ksi min YP
E8016 or 18-C1	F7X-EXXX-Ni1^[3]	(430 MPa)
E8016 or 18-C2	F7X-EXXX-Ni2^[3]	72 ksi min TS
E8016 or 18-C3	F7X-EXXX-Ni3^[3]	(495 MPa)
		Elon 18% min
[1] Deposited weld metal shall have the following chemical composition: C, max %,0.12; Mn, %, 0.50/1.30; P, max %, 0.03; S, max %, 0.04; Si, %, 0.35/0.80; Cu, %, 0.30/0.75; Ni, %, 0.40/0.80; Cr, %, 0.45/0.70.
[2] Deposited weld metal shall have a minimum impact strength of CVN 20 ft-lb (27 J) at 0 °F (-18 °C) (only applied to bridges).
[3] The use of the same type filler metal having next higher mechanical properties as listed in AWS specification is permitted.
[4] Deposited weld metal shall have a chemical composition the same as that for any one of the weld metals in this table for the shielded metal arc welding process.
[5] In conformance with those classifications allowed under AWS D1.5 Bridge Welding Code, Tables 4.1 and 4.2.

The Laboratory will issue a list of approved electrodes and combinations of shielding. The Laboratory will include electrodes in the list when certified test data submitted by the manufacturer is found in compliance with the specified requirements. The certification will cover either process qualification or quality control tests. To qualify, such tests must be made within one year before the period covered. For each submission of certified test data, include the manufacturer’s statement that it will advise the Laboratory immediately of any change in materials or processing used in the manufacture of the electrodes made within one year from the date of the tests.

When electrodes to be used are not included in the Laboratory’s list of approved electrodes and combinations of shielding, submit certified test data as described above for each lot showing compliance with the specified requirements.

11 If necessary for approval, obtain samples from material delivered to the project site or at other locations designated by the Laboratory.

Furnish bolts for steel use in bare unpainted applications conforming to A 325 (A 325M), Type 3.

When galvanized bolts, nuts, and washers are specified, mechanical galvanizing is permitted.

Use galvanized bolts to fasten steel that has received an inorganic zinc prime coat according to 514.

Furnish high-strength steel bolts, nuts, and washers that also meet the requirements of Supplement 1080.

711.10 Machine Bolts. Furnish machine bolts conforming to ASTM A 307, with the following modification:

If necessary for approval, obtain samples from material delivered to the project site or at other locations designated by the Laboratory.

711.12 Gray Iron Castings. Furnish gray iron casting conforming to ASTM A 48, Class 30B, with the following modifications:

12 Two or more test bars shall accompany each lot of castings or; one pair of test bars may represent castings shipped to two or more projects provided the lot number or date cast are cast or anchored in both the bars and castings. The identifying data or castings shall not interfere with the use of the casting.

9 In addition, ensure that castings are free from pouring faults, sponginess, cracks, blow holes, and other defects in positions affecting their strength and value for the service intended. Ensure that the castings are generously filleted at angles and the arrises are sharp and perfect.

17 Ship test bars with the lot or make test bars representing the lot available to the Laboratory at the place of manufacture or warehouse.

711.13 Ductile Iron Castings. Furnish ductile iron castings conforming to ASTM A 536, with the following modifications:

8.1 In addition, ensure that castings are free from pouring faults, sponginess, cracks, blowholes, and other defects in positions affecting their strength. Ensure that the castings are generously filleted at angles and arrises are sharp and perfect.

10.1 Send a keel block or Y-block specimen made according to ASTM A 536 with the shipment for each heat number, ladle number, and date of casting.

14.1 Submit a certification stating that the test bars shipped with the castings were prepared according to the specified requirements.

Test bars are required as outlined in 711.12 and 711.13. In addition, submit certified test data for monthly proof load testing to the Laboratory with each inspection of castings from that month.

Design Approval. Submit designs for cast frames, grates and covers for manholes, catch basins and inlets that vary from the standard construction drawings to the Department for approval. Manufacturers shall seek approval for such non-standard designs well in advance of a projects sale date.

711.17 Cast Bronze. Furnish cast bronze conforming to ASTM B 22, Copper Alloy No. C91100, with the following modification:

Finish cast plates to plane surfaces and finish one plate of a pair at right angles to the other plate of the pair.

711.18 Leaded Bronze. Furnish leaded bronze conforming to ASTM B 584, Copper Alloy No. C93700, with the following modification:

Finish cast plates to plane surfaces and finish one plate of a pair at right angles to the other plate of the pair.

711.20 Aluminum for Railings. Furnish aluminum other than permanent mold castings that conform to the following requirements:

Portion of Railing
Portion of Railing	ASTM Designation	Alloy	Condition or Temper (B296)
Sand castings	B 26/B 26M	356.0	T6
Shims	B 209 (B 209M)	1100	0
Washers	B 209 (B 209M)	Clad 2024 6061	T4 T6
Sheet and plate	B 209 (B 209M)	6061	T6
Drawn seamless tubes	B 210	6061 or 6063	T6
Bars, rods, wire	B 211 (B 211M)	6061	T6
Bolts, set screws	B 211 (B 211M)	2024^[1]6061	T4 T6
Nuts	B 211 (B 211M)	6061 6262	T6 T9
Extruded bars, rods, shapes	B 221 (B 221M)	6061 or 6063 6351	T6 T5
Extruded tubes	B 221(B 221M)	6061 or 6063 6351	T6 T5
Pipe	B 241/B 241M	6061 or 6063	T6
Rivets	B 316(B 316M)	6061	T6
[1] Shall have an anodic coating.

For permanent mold castings for bridge railing posts, provide aluminum conforming to AASHTO M 193.

711.21 Preformed Bearing Pads. Composition. Furnish preformed bearing pads consisting of a fabric and rubber body. Ensure that the pad is made with new, unvulcanized, natural and/or synthetic rubber, and unused cotton and/or synthetic fabric fibers in proper proportion to maintain strength and stability.

Physical Properties. The required surface hardness, expressed in standard rubber hardness figures, is 80 ± 10 Shore Durometer. The minimum ultimate break down limit of pads under compressive loading is 10,000 pounds per square inch (69 MPa). Furnish pads to specified dimensions and accurately locate and cleanly cut all bolt holes.

711.23 Elastomeric Bearings. Furnish bearing pads and elastomeric bearings conforming to AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, Division II, Construction, Chapter 18, Section 18.4.5.1 Grade 3 requirements. Fabricate elastomeric bearing pads according to Sections 18.5.6.1 and 18.5.6.2. Test pads and bearings according to 18.7.1, 18.7.2.1, 18.7.2.3, 18.7.2.5, 18.7.2.6, 18.7.3, 18.7.4.5, and 18.10.3. Include testing in the price bid for the bearings.

Furnish bearing pads and laminated bearings consisting of neoprene cast in molds under pressure and heat. A plain elastomeric bearing pad and steel load distribution plate combination is classified as a laminated elastomeric bearing. Obtain test specimens according to ASTM D 3182 or ASTM D 3183. Where test specimens are cut from the finished product, a 20 percent variation from the original physical properties is allowed. The use of compounds of nominal hardness between the values shown in Table 711.23-1 is permitted and the test requirements interpolated.

Table 711.23-1
Physical Properties	Grade
Physical Properties	50	60	70
Hardness, Durometer A, ASTM D 2240.	50 ± 5	60 ± 5	70 ± 5
Tensile Strength, min psi (MPa), ASTM D 412	2500 (17)	2500 (17)	2500 (17)
Elongation at break, min %	400	350	300
Accelerated Tests to Determine Long-Term Aging Characteristics, Over-Aged 70 hrs at 212 °F (100 °C), ASTM D 573:
Hardness, points change, max	15	15	15
Tensile strength, % change, max	-15	-15	-15
Elongation at break, % change, max	-40	-40	-40
	Grade
Physical Properties	50	60	70
Ozone 1 ppm in air by volume 20% strain, 104 °F (40 °C) ASTM D 1149, 100 hrs (Samples to be solvent wiped before test to remove any traces of surface impurities)	No cracks	No cracks	No cracks
Compression set 22 hrs/212 °F (100 °C) ASTM D 395, Method B, % max
Adhesion, bond made during vulcanization ASTM D 429 Method B, lb/in (kN/m)	40 (7.0)	40 (7.0)	40 (7.0)

Furnish bearing pads that are individually molded, cut from previously molded strips or slabs, or extruded and cut to length. Mold laminated bearings together into an integral unit with all edges of internal steel laminates covered by a 1/8-inch (3 mm) minimum thickness of elastomer. Fill indentations or grooves on the exterior surface of the bearings caused by external laminate restraining devices to a 1/8 inch (3 mm) minimum cover by a revulcanized patch; or by a silicon caulk conforming to Federal Specifications TT-S-001543A; or by an approved equal. Ensure that the bearing manufacturer patches the bearings.

Ensure that the external connection or distribution plates of laminated bearings are the same material as the attached structural steel and are similarly cleaned and coated. Furnish internal plates conforming to ASTM A 36/A 36M or A 570/A 570M, Grade 36 or Grade 40. Minimum thickness for the internal plates is 0.074 inch (1.88 mm). Debur all plates.

The bearing manufacturer shall furnish certified test data for the elastomer, base plate, steel laminates, and proof load.

The bearing manufacturer shall produce one sample bearing for each bridge structure in the project plans. Ensure that the sample bearing for each bridge structure is of the same design and materials as the bearings furnished for that bridge structure. The bearing manufacturer shall ship the completed sample bearings to an independent testing laboratory for destructive testing for the following physical properties:

Ensure that the bearing manufacturer submits to the project the certified test data for the sample bearings from the independent testing laboratory with the bearing manufacturer’s certified test data for the elastomer, base plate, steel laminates, and proof load.

Physical Properties
Thickness ASTM D 1777	60 mils (1500 mm) min.
Width	36 inches (914 mm) min.
Pliability [180° bend over 1/4 inch (6 mm) mandrel @ -25 °F (-32 °C)] ASTM D 146	No Effect
Elongation ASTM D 412 (Die C)	300% min
Puncture Resistance-Membrane
ASTM E 154	40 lb (18 kg) min.
Permeance (Grains/ft²/hr/in Hg)
ASTM E 96, Method B	0.1 max.
Water Absorption (% by Weight) ASTM D 570	0.2 max.
Adhesion to concrete ASTM D 903	5.0 min.
Submit certified test data and letter of certification to the Engineer.

Air-dry or kiln-dry timber and lumber to a moisture content not to exceed 19 percent by weight. Size and grade shall conform to American Lumber Standards.

Acceptance. Use only structural timber, lumber, and piling meeting the certification requirements of Supplement 1072.

711.28 Cellular Polyvinyl Chloride Sponge. Furnish cellular PVC sponge conforming to AASHTO M 153, Type I, and with a minimum density of 20 pounds per cubic foot (320 kg/m³).

Physical Properties
Thickness	0.135 inches (3.43 mm) min.
Width	36 inches (914 mm) min.
Weight	0.8 lb/ft2 (3.875 kg/mm²) min.
Tensile strength (machine direction)
ASTM D 882	275 lb/in (48.1 N/mm)
Modified^[1]	200 psi (13.8 MPa)
Tensile strength ASTM D 882 (90° machine direction)	150 lb/in (26.2 N/mm)
Modified^[1]	1000 psi (6.9 MPa)
Elongation at break ASTM D 882
Modified^[1]	100%
Brittleness ASTM D 517	Pass
Softening point (mastic) ASTM D 36	200 °F (93 °C) min.
Peel adhesion ASTM D 413^[1]	2.0 lb/in (0.35 N/mm)
Cold flex ASTM D 146	No cracking
2 ´ 5 inch (50 ´ 125 mm) Specimen-180° bend over 2 inch (50 mm) mandrel
Heat stability	No dripping or delamination
2 ´ 5 inch (50 ´ 125 mm) specimen vertically suspended in a mechanical convection oven 2 hr @ 190 °F (88 °C)
[1] 12 inches (300 mm)/minute test speed and 1 inch (25 mm) initial distance between the grips.

711.30 Aluminum for Steps. Furnish aluminum for steps conforming to ASTM B 221 (ASTM B 221M), Alloys 6061-T6 or 6005-T5.

Furnish steel rod conforming to 709.01, Grade 60 that is continuous through the entire length of legs and tread. The steel may be coated according to ASTM A 934/A 934M. Ensure that the manufacturer furnishes written certification. Furnish propylene plastic conforming to ASTM D 4101, Table B 33430. Ensure that the manufacturer furnishes certified test data for the propylene plastic used in each lot of steps.

Hardness, Durometer A	ASTM D2240
Tensile Strength	ASTM D412
Elongation at Break	ASTM D412
Adhesion bond made during vulcanization	ASTM D429, Method B