740  PAVEMENT MARKING MATERIAL

740.01  General
740.02  Traffic Paint
740.03  Polyester Pavement Marking
740.04  Thermoplastic Pavement Marking
740.05  Preformed Pavement Marking
740.06  Work Zone Pavement Marking
740.07  Epoxy Pavement Marking Material
740.08  Heat-Fused Preformed Plastic Pavement Marking Material
740.09  Glass Beads

740.01  General.  Permanent pavement marking materials that meet the requirements of this specification and that have passed the service test required by Supplement 1047 are included on the pre-qualified list maintained by the Laboratory.  The Laboratory may retest pavement marking materials pre-qualified by a service test to determine formulation compliance to pre-qualified material and compliance with physical properties specified herein.  The Department may request samples of all marking materials from the Contractor, Supplier, or delivered to the project.  In lieu of samples, certified test data furnished by the manufacturer or an independent testing laboratory will, upon approval by the Laboratory, be acceptable.  Failure of testing or certified test data to show formulation conforming to pre-qualified material or compliance with specified physical properties may be cause for removal of the material from the pre-qualified list.

Ensure that the marking material is delivered in containers that are clearly marked to indicate the number of gallons (liters), weight or size of material, material color, batch number, or other similar manufacturer’s identification, date of production, and the company name and location.

740.02  Traffic Paint.  Furnish white and yellow ready-mixed traffic paint suitable for marking various types of pavement.  Ensure that the manufacturer formulates the paint in such a manner as to meet the requirements of this specification.

Furnish paint that is a suitable binder for glass beads on pavement exposed to traffic.  Furnish paint that will not deteriorate in storage, within one year after date of receipt, to the extent that it cannot be readily broken up with a paddle to a smooth uniform paint capable of easy application by spray.

Furnish paint that does not bleed or discolor when sprayed on asphalt concrete surfaces.

Type 1 paint is the fast dry, water-based 100 percent acrylic type.

Type 2 paint is the fast dry, alkyd type.

Type 3 paint is the conventional, water-based 100 percent acrylic type.

Type 4 paint is the conventional, alkyd type.

Ensure that all paint conforms to the following requirements:

740.03  Polyester Pavement Marking.  Ensure that the polyester pavement marking material supplied is a two part polyester system capable of being applied at ambient temperature down to 50 °F (10 °C).  Ensure that the material is capable of retaining reflective glass beads of the drop-on or spray-on type.

Ensure that the catalytic component of the system is the commercially available type recommended by the manufacturer of the polyester.

Ensure that the ratio of the catalyst to resin is specified by the manufacturer.

Ensure that the polyester conforms to the following requirements:

740.04  Thermoplastic Pavement Marking.  Furnish thermoplastic pavement marking material formulated expressly for use as retroreflective pavement markings on asphalt concrete or portland cement concrete pavement.  Furnish material that includes a mixture of resins, at least one of which is solid at room temperature, and contains premixed glass beads with a 1.50 minimum index of refraction.  Ensure that the ingredients are well mixed so that all parts are evenly dispersed throughout.  Ensure that there are no foreign objects, skins, dirt, or such ingredients that would cause staining, discoloration, or bleeding.  Furnish suitable materials for application in molten form by extrusion method.

A.     Specific Gravity.  Ensure that the thermoplastic compound has a specific gravity of 1.6 to 2.3 at 77 °F (25 °C).

B.     Water Absorption.  Furnish materials that absorb no more than 0.5 percent of retained water by weight, when tested according to ASTM D 570 procedure A.

C.     Fumes.  Ensure that the molten material does not give off fumes that are toxic or otherwise injurious to persons or property.

D.     Heating Stability.  Furnish material that does not break down, deteriorate, change its viscosity versus temperature relationship, or exhibit any obvious change in color, when held at a temperature of 440 °F (227 °C) for a period of four hours, or by reason of three reheatings to that temperature.  Ensure that the material remains stable between reheatings and is consistent from batch to batch.

E.      Drying Time.  After the pavement marking is applied according to the manufacturer’s recommendations, at a thickness of 0.125 to 0.188 inches (3 to 5 mm), ensure that the material dries to a no-tracking condition in not more than two minutes at a surface measured temperature of 50 °F (10 °C).  Ensure that the drying time follows a characteristic straight line function and takes no more than 15 minutes at 90 °F (32 °C) when measured in a like manner.

F.      Placement Stability.  After proper application and drying time, ensure that the material is not tacky and does not have an appreciable deformation or discoloration when subjected to typical vehicular traffic, and in air or road temperatures between -30 and 140 °F (-34 and 60 °C).  Ensure that when the material is properly applied that it forms markings of a constant cross-section with a uniform density and character.  Ensure that the markings maintain their original shape and pavement position.

G.     Softening Point.  Furnish a material that has a softening point of not less than 190 °F (88 °C) when tested according to ASTM E 28.

H.     Impact Resistance.  Test the material according to the following procedure.  Heat the material for four hours at 425 °F (218 °C) and cast into 1 square inch (645 mm²) cross-sectional area bars and 3 inches (76 mm) long and placed with 1 inch (25 mm) extended above the vise in a cantilever beam (Izod type) tester using the 25 inch-pounds (2.8 J) scale (tester described in ASTM D 256).  Ensure that the impact resistance of the material is not less than 10 inch-pounds (1.13 J) when tested at 77 °F (25 °C).

I.       Color.  Ensure that the white markings after drying are free from tint and have a daylight reflectance (45/0 degrees) not less than 75 percent of that of magnesium oxide.  Furnish yellow markings conforming to No. 13538 of Federal Standard No. 595, within 6.0 CIELAB units (Commission Internationale de l/Eclairage).

740.05  Preformed Pavement Marking.  Furnish the preformed material suitable for retroreflective pavement markings on asphalt concrete or portland cement concrete pavement.  Furnish material that is free of cracks and that has edges that are straight, true, and unbroken.  Ensure that the material is flexible, formable, and suitable for application with an adhesive without heating.  Furnish material containing glass beads uniformly distributed throughout with a 1.50 minimum index of refraction.  Ensure that the material has a uniform surface layer of firmly bonded glass beads to provide the initial minimum specific luminance values specified for the various types of material.

Furnish material that resists deterioration by contact with highway deicing chemicals or because of the oil content of asphalt concrete pavement, or from oil droppings and other effects of traffic.

A.     Type A1 Material.  Furnish Type A1 material conforming to ASTM D 4505, Type I, Grade B or E, and that have a thickness of not less than 0.090 inch (2.28 mm), including any pre-coated adhesive layer.

B.     Type A2 Material.  Furnish Type A2 material conforming to ASTM D 4505, Type I, Grade B or E, and that have a thickness of not less than 0.060 inch (1.52 mm), including any pre-coated adhesive layer.

C.     Type A3 Material.  Furnish Type A3 material conforming to ASTM D 4505, Type V, Grade B or E, and that have a minimum thickness at the thinnest portion of the cross-section of not less than 0.020 inch (0.50 mm), including any pre-coated adhesive layer.

740.06  Work Zone Pavement Marking.  Furnish work zone pavement marking material conforming to ASTM D 4592, Type I (removable) or Type II (non-removable) with the following modifications:

A.     Type I (removable):  0.030-inch (0.76 mm) minimum thickness.
B.      Type II (non-removable):  0.015-inch (0.38 mm) minimum thickness.

740.07  Epoxy Pavement Marking Material.  Furnish epoxy pavement markings prequalified according to Supplement 1047.  Ensure that the material supplied is a two-part epoxy system capable of being applied at ambient temperature down to 50 °F (10 °C).  Furnish material that is capable of retaining reflective glass beads of the drop-on type or spray-on type.

Furnish epoxy conforming to the following requirements:

A.     Formulation.  Furnish epoxy formulated as a Long Life Pavement Marking System, capable of providing a minimum of 4 years of performance, free of any peroxides.  Ensure that the epoxy is designed to provide simple volumetric mixing ratio of its components (such as 2:1).

B.     Epoxide Number.  Ensure that the epoxide number of the epoxy resin is the manufacturer’s target value ±0.05 as determined by ASTM D 1652 for both white and yellow Part A on a pigment free basis.

C.     Amine Number.  Ensure that the amine number of the curing agent (Part B) is the manufacturer’s target value ±50 as per ASTM D 2074 on a pigment free basis.

D.     Toxicity.  Upon heating to application temperature, ensure that the material does not exude fumes that are toxic or injurious to persons or property.  After curing, ensure that the materials are completely inert with all components fully reacted and environmentally safe.

E.      Drying Time (Laboratory).  Ensure that the pavement marking material, when mixed in the proper ratio and applied at the properly prescribed wet film thickness at 75 ± 2 °F (24 ± 0.5 °C) and with the proper saturation of glass beads, exhibit a no tracking time of no greater than 40 to 45 minutes when tested according to ASTM D 711.

F.      Drying Time (Field).  Furnish pavement marking material that has a setting time to a no-tracking condition of not more than 35 minutes.  Protect the line from tracking during the setting period by coning off or as shown on the plans.

G.     Curing.  Furnish epoxy pavement marking material capable of fully curing at a constant surface temperature of 45 °F (7 °C) or above.

H.     Adhesion to Pavement (Portland Cement Concrete and Asphalt).  Furnish the cured pavement marking materials, when tested according to ACI Method 503, that have such a high degree of adhesion to the specified Portland cement concrete [compressive strength, 4000 pounds per square inch (27,000 kPa) minimum] or asphalt surface such that there is a 100 percent substrate failure in the performance of this test.  Ensure that the prepared specimens is conditioned at room temperature 75 ± 2 °F (24 ± 0.5 °C) for a minimum of 24 hours and a maximum of 72 hours before performing of the indicated test.

I.       Hardness.  Furnish epoxy pavement marking materials, when tested according to ASTM D 224, that have a Shore D Hardness of between 70 and 90.  Allow samples to cure at room temperature 75 ± 2 °F (24 ± 0.5 °C) for a minimum of 24 hours and a maximum of 72 hours before performing the indicated test.

J.      Tensile Strength.  When tested according to ASTM D 638, ensure that the epoxy pavement marking materials have a tensile strength of not less than 5000 pounds per square inch (34,000 kPa).  Cast the Type IV specimens in a suitable mold and pulled at a rate of 1/4-inch (6 mm) per minute, by a suitable dynamic testing machine.  Allow the samples to cure at room temperature 75 ± 2 °F (24 ± 0.5 °C) for a minimum of 24 hours and a maximum of 72 hours before performing the indicated test.

K.     Compressive Resistance.  When tested according to ASTM D 695, ensure that a catalyzed epoxy pavement marking materials has a compressive strength of not less than 12,000 pounds per square inch (83,000 kPa).  Condition the cast sample at room temperature 75 ± 2 °F (24 ± 0.5 °C) for a minimum of 72 hours before performing the indicated test.  Ensure that the rate of compression for these samples is not more than 1/4 inch (6 mm) per minute.

L.      Abrasion Resistance.  Evaluate the abrasion resistance on a Taber Abrader with a 2.2 pounds (1.0 kg) load and CS-17 wheels.  Ensure that the duration of the test is 1000 cycles.  Calculate the wear index according to ASTM C 501 and ensure that the wear index for a catalyzed material is not more than 0.02 pounds (100 mg).  Run the test on cured samples of materials that were applied at a film thickness of 20 mil (0.5 mm) to code S-16 stainless steel plates.  Allow the samples to cure at 75 ± 2 °F (24 ± 0.5 °C) for a minimum of 24 hours and a maximum of 72 hours before performing the indicated test.

M.    Impact Strength.

1.      Sample Preparation.  Apply properly mixed material on clean concrete that is a minimum of 28 days old and allow the material to cure for 72 hours at 75 ± 2 °F (24 ± 0.5 °C).  Ensure that film thickness of the material is at the appropriately prescribed thickness.

2.      Testing.  At a temperature of 75 ± 2 °F (24 ± 0.5 °C), drop a 2-pound (0.9 kg) round steel ball from a height of 48 inches (1200 mm) on the cured sample.  No cracking or chipping of the material should take place.

N.     Color.  Apply the mixed epoxy compound, both white and yellow, onto 2 sets of 3 inches ´ 6 inches (76 mm ´ 152 mm) aluminum panels at 20 ± 1 mil (0.5 ± 0.025 mm) in thickness, one set with no glass beads and one set with glass beads (must ensure 50/50 distribution of Size I and Size II beads for this will impact the results of the test).  Expose the prepared samples in a Q.U.V. Environmental Testing Chamber according to ASTM G 154, and ensure that they conform to the following requirements in alternating cycles:

Conduct the test for 75 hours at 122 °F (50 °C), 4 hours humidity, and 4 hours UV, in alternating cycles.  Cure the prepared panels at 77 °F (25 °C) for 72 hours before exposure.

Ensure that the color of the white epoxy material is not darker than the Federal Standard No. 595A-17855.  Ensure that the color of the yellow epoxy polymer material is the same as Federal Standard No. 595A-13415.

O.     Certificate of Compliance.  Ensure that the material manufacturer furnishes a notarized certification that the material complies with the provisions of this specification.  The provisions of a certification of compliance do not waive a state inspection, sampling, or testing.

P.      Laboratory Samples.  Promptly after execution of the Contract, submit a list of anticipated material sources to the Engineer.  Ensure that the material manufacturer furnishes samples of the epoxy materials as required by the Engineer, a minimum of ten days before the date of intended use of these materials.

Q.     Infrared Spectra.  Supply a copy of the infrared spectra of each component on each lot number by the manufacturer along with the certification papers.  The Department will keep this infrared spectra on record to serve as a quality control measure for the future supply of this system to the State.

R.     Manufacturer Qualifications.  Ensure that the manufacturer has expertise and performance history including:  completed and passed service tests according to Supplement 1047; verifiable installations; ample production capacity; proper facility; compliance with EPA regulations; verifiable quality control program; and has passed a minimum of 4 years of performance (durability and retroreflectivity) on concrete or asphalt surface in the State.

740.08  Heat-Fused Preformed Plastic Pavement Marking Material.  Furnish heat-fused preformed plastic pavement marking materials pre-qualified according to Supplement 1047, and conforming to the following:

Type A - 90 mil thickness (2.29 mm)
Type B - 125 mil thickness (3.18 mm)
Type C - 125 mil thickness (3.18 mm)

The Department will field service test the pavement marking material and glass beads as a system.  The Department will consider those systems performing satisfactorily for addition to the Prequalified List.  The Department reserves the right to perform random performance check sampling of materials.

740.09  Glass Beads.  Perform inspection at the project site.  Obtain random samples from material delivered to the project site or at other locations designated by the laboratory.

A.     Type A.  Furnish Type A glass beads for traffic paint conforming to Supplement 1008 and to AASHTO M 247, Type 1 without flotation properties but coated for moisture resistance, with the following exception:  4.5 Flotation Test.

B.     Type B.  Furnish Type B glass beads for polyester marking material conforming to AASHTO M 247, Type 1 with 50 ± 5 percent flotation coating and ensure that a 50 ± 5 percent moisture resistant coating is retained on each sieve, with the following exception:  4.5 Flotation Test.  Ensure that the minimum percent floating equals 90 of flotation coated beads or 40.5 percent of total mixture.  Ensure that the glass beads for polyester marking material are packaged in bags designated “POLY”.

C.     Type C.  Furnish Type C glass beads for thermoplastic material.  Ensure that glass beads inter mixed or dropped on thermoplastic pavement marking material meet the following specification:

D.     Type D.  Glass beads for Epoxy Pavement Marking.  Ensure that the glass bead packaging clearly indicates EPOXY - SIZE I or EPOXY SIZE II.

Perform inspection at the project site.  Obtain random samples from material delivered to the project site or at other locations designated by the Laboratory.

Ensure that the glass beads have the following gradation when tested according to ASTM D 1214.   

Reflective Media:  Ensure that the glass beads are smooth, clear, free from any air inclusions, and scratches that might affect their functions as a retro-reflective media, and that have the characteristics listed below.

Roundness (Percent by Weight):  Ensure that not more than 20 percent of the glass beads are irregular or fused spheroids and that at least 80 percent of the beads are true beads.

Index of Refraction:  Ensure that the refractive index of the beads is a minimum of 1.50 as determined by the liquid immersion method at 77 °F (25 °C).  Ensure that the silica content of glass beads is not less than 60 percent.

Coating:  Furnish Size I glass beads that are coated with a silane-type adherence coating to enhance its embedment in, and adherence to the applied binder film.  Ensure that the coated beads emit a yellow-green fluorescence when tested by the Dansyl Chloride test procedure.  Furnish Size II glass beads that are treated with a moisture-proof coating.  Ensure that both types of glass beads show no tendency to absorb moisture in storage and remain free of clusters and lumps.  Ensure that they flow freely from the dispensing equipment at any time when surface and atmosphere conditions are satisfactory for marking operations.

Determine the moisture-resistance of the glass beads on the basis of the following test:

Place 2.2 pounds (1 kg) of beads in a washed cotton bag, having a thread count of 50 per square inch (8/cm²) (warp and woof) and immerse the bag in a container of water for 30 seconds.  Remove the bag and force the excess water from the sample by squeezing the bag.  Suspend and allow the to drain for two hours at room temperature 70 to 72 °F (21 to 22 °C).  After draining, mix the sample in the bag by shaking thoroughly.  Transfer a sample slowly to a clean, dry glass funnel having a stem 4 inches (100 mm) in length, with a 3/8-inch (10 mm) inside diameter stem entrance opening, and a minimum exit opening of 1/4 inches (6 mm).  Ensure that the entire sample flows freely through the funnel without stoppage.  When first introduced to the funnel, if the beads clog, it is permissible to tap the funnel to initiate flow.