ITEM 641 PAVEMENT MARKING—GENERAL
641.01 Description
641.02 Materials
641.03 General
641.04 Equipment
641.05 Pavement Preparation
641.06 Layout and Premarking
641.07 Line Placement Tolerance
641.08 Marking Types
641.09 Two-Way Radio Communications
641.10 Removal of Pavement Markings
641.11 Deduction for Deficiency
641.12 Method of Measurement
641.13 Basis of Payment
641.01 Description. This specification gives general requirements for various kinds of retroreflective pavement markings. Deviations from these general requirements are covered in the specific requirements for each marking type.
Place all pavement markings according to the OMUTCD.
641.02 Materials. Use marking materials that are a formulation, identified by a manufacturer’s code number, prequalified by the Laboratory and that have the same composition as the prequalified marking material.
The Laboratory will require that the materials pass a service test according to Supplement 1047 before prequalifying them. Furnish prequalified materials conforming to Supplement 1047 and supplied by manufacturers conforming to Supplement 1089.
Minimum material performance requirements and chemical and physical properties are stated in Item 740 and the Invitation for Samples for the service test performed according to Supplement 1047.
Materials and manufacturers will be listed on the Laboratory’s Approved List.
Furnish a material safety data sheet (MSDS) for each material, including resin, catalyst, primer, adhesive, activator, glass beads, and cleaning solvent, to be used on the project to the Engineer before material delivery. Inform workers of the location of all MSDS and allow workers an opportunity to review them.
Furnish the Engineer, prior to application, the paint manufacturer's printed application equipment requirements and application instructions.
641.03 General. Apply lines as solid, broken, or dotted lines, either singly or in combination, as shown on the plans. Apply broken lines in a 40-foot (12.0 m) cycle consisting of a 10-foot (3.0 m) dash and a 30-foot (9.0 m) gap between broken lines, unless otherwise shown on the plans. Use an accurate striping mechanism that is capable of being easily adjusted to retrace existing broken markings or to apply new materials at the correct spacing. Begin broken lines that are to be applied over plainly visible existing broken lines within 6 inches (150 mm) of the beginning of the existing broken line, unless otherwise directed by the Engineer. Apply dotted lines in an 8-foot (2.4 m) cycle consisting of a 2-foot (0.6 m) dot and a 6-foot (1.8 m) gap between dots for line extensions and in a 12-foot (3.6 m) cycle consisting of a 3-foot (0.9 m) line segment and a 9-foot (2.7 m) gap for lane drop/add markings.
Fill gaps that were not marked as a result of template use for spray-applied auxiliary markings with marking material after the template is removed. If applying extruded thermoplastic, the Contractor may leave small gaps in arrows or letters resulting from template use unfilled.
Ensure that pavement markings are free of uneven edges, overspray, or other readily visible defects that detract from the appearance or function of the pavement markings.
Ensure that lines are sharp, well defined, and uniformly retroreflective. Apply the lines to the width specified ±1/4 inch (6 mm). Fuzzy lines, excessive overspray, or non-uniform application are unacceptable. The Engineer will inspect lines at night to verify proper retroreflectivity. Correct pavement markings that are improperly applied, located, or reflectorized. Reapply lines applied with insufficient material quantities according to 641.11. Remove improperly located lines according to 641.10, and apply new lines in the correct locations.
Reapply any lines applied with non-specification materials.
Obtain the Engineer’s approval for methods and equipment used for pavement preparation, marking, and marking removal. Keep glass beads dry during storage and before use.
Furnish to the Engineer at least 3 days in advance of installation current copies of the manufacturer’s instructions and recommendations for application of any marking material, including primer, activator, catalyst, and adhesive, shown on the plans. Schedule and perform other construction work, such as shoulder paving, seeding, and mulching in a manner to avoid damage to applied pavement markings.
Do not apply pavement marking materials to the reflector of a plowable raised pavement marker. Interrupt the application of the pavement marking line at each raised pavement marker where marking material would otherwise be applied to the marker’s prismatic reflector. Provide a maximum gap in the marked line of 18 inches (0.5 m) at each marker. Remove pavement marking material applied to a prismatic reflector surface, or replace the reflector that same workday. If material must be removed from the reflector, restore the reflector’s brightness to its prior condition.
641.04 Equipment. Equip striping equipment for traffic paint, polyester, epoxy and work zone marking Item 642 with a computerized Data Logging System (DLS). Document for long line markings only. Document the following with the DLS:
1. Measure and record application vehicle speed to nearest 0.1 MPH (0.16 KMH),
2. Measure and record weight and/or volume amount of material used by color,
3. Measure and record weight of glass beads,
4. Measure and record pavement surface temperature,
5. Measure and record air temperature,
6. Measure and record dew point,
7. Measure and record humidity,
8. Remote cab mounted display, which shows actual materials application rate and film thickness. Record average material application rates and film thickness calculated over the section painted.
Furnish the Engineer the above records for every route section painted by direction. A route section is defined as a contiguous section of highway (without breaks) with the same route number designation. This normally matches the plan sub-summary.
If the DLS equipment fails, finish that day’s work only and resume when the DLS equipment is working.
The Department will provide a standard DLS spreadsheet, which prescribes the correct DLS report format and content prior to beginning of work.
Furnish the Engineer the DLS manufacturer’s recommendations for equipment calibration frequency. Calibrate and certify for application rate verification. Calibration tolerances for meters must not exceed +0.5 pounds per gallon (.06 kg/L) for glass beads. Keep a clean, legible copy of the calibration report and certifications performed by company personnel or meter calibration companies with the paint truck.
641.05 Pavement Preparation. Clean all visible loose or foreign material from the surface to be marked. Equip the pavement marking equipment with an air jet to remove all debris from the pavement in advance of the applicator gun. Operate the air jet when marking material is being applied, and synchronize it with marking material application. Power-broom clean all surfaces where gore markings or edge lines are to be applied. If required by the Engineer, also power-broom clean other surfaces. Do not apply marking to portland cement concrete until the concrete in the areas to be marked is clean of membrane curing material and is dry.
641.06 Layout and Premarking. Lay out the locations of all lines, words, and other symbols to ensure their proper placement. The Engineer will approve the layout and premarking lines before marking operations are started. If applying longitudinal or transverse lines, use existing lines, construction joints, or premarking to guide this marking equipment.
On projects where resurfacing or other operations will result in obliteration of the existing pavement markings, establish reference points to ensure proper placement of restored markings. If existing markings are to be retraced, verify any adjustment in the location with the Engineer.
Establish “T” marking of no-passing zones according to the plans or a no-passing zone log provided by the Engineer.
Locate premarking from survey data or reference points, and offset it so as to parallel the theoretical edge of the marking lines at a maximum distance of 1 inch (25 mm). Use templates for the layout of arrows, words, and other symbols. Place premarking for longitudinal lines at 40-foot (12 m) intervals, and do not exceed 2 inches (50 mm) in width or 12 inches (300 mm) in length. Locate premarking for auxiliary markings from the plans or schematic forms provided by the Engineer.
641.07 Line Placement Tolerance. Ensure that pavement marking lines are straight or smoothly curved, true to the alignment of the pavement, and do not deviate laterally from the proper location at a rate of more than 2 inches in 100 feet (50 mm in 30 m). The Engineer will not allow any deviation greater than 3 inches in 100 feet (75 mm in 30 meters). Remove improperly located lines according to 641.10 and apply new lines in the correct locations.
641.08 Marking Types. Apply marking materials at the rate or thickness specified in 642.03, 643.03, 644.03, 645.03, 646.03, or 647.02 and, except for parking lot stall markings, ensure that they are uniformly retroreflective. However, ensure that portions of parking stalls that are adjacent to street traffic are retroreflective. Pavement markings consist of the following types:
A. Edge Lines. Place edge lines as continuous 4-inch (100 mm) wide stripes. Locate the center of the stripe a minimum of 6 inches (150 mm) from the edge of the pavement.
B. Lane Lines. Place lane lines as 4-inch (100 mm) wide, white stripes between contiguous lanes of pavement carrying traffic in the same direction. Place them as broken lines unless specified solid. Offset lane lines to the left of the longitudinal joint, if present, or the theoretical line lying between contiguous lanes, if a joint is not present. Ensure that the nearer edge of the stripe is 2 inches (50 mm) to the left of the joint or line. Do not place lane lines through intersections.
C. Center Lines. Place center lines as single or double yellow stripes between contiguous lanes of pavement carrying traffic in opposite directions. Center line marking includes two-way left-turn lane striping and the outline of left-turn islands. Make each stripe 4 inches (100 mm) wide, solid or broken as specified.
D. Channelizing Lines. Place channelizing lines as continuous 8-inch (200 mm) wide white stripes.
E. Stop and Crosswalk Lines. Place stop lines as solid 24-inch (600 mm) wide white stripes. Place crosswalk lines as solid 12-inch (300 mm) wide white stripes.
F. Transverse/Diagonal Lines. Place transverse/diagonal lines as solid 24-inch (600 mm) wide stripes, of the color specified, and at an angle to the direction of travel.
G. Curb and
H. Symbol Markings. Place all railroad, school, and handicap symbol markings using white markings. A railroad marking includes the 16-inch (400 mm) crossbuck, two 72-inch (1.8 m) “R”s, two 24-inch (600 mm) transverse lines, and a stop line. A school marking includes the word “SCHOOL” and two 16-inch (400 mm) transverse lines.
I. Parking Lot Stall Marking. Place parking lot stall marking lines as continuous 4-inch (100 mm) wide white stripes.
J. Lane Arrows. Place lane arrows using white markings.
K. Words on Pavement. Place words on pavement using white markings.
L. Dotted Lines. Place dotted lines using the width and color specified.
The term long lines, when used in sections 642 through 647 includes edge lines, lane lines, center lines, and channelizing lines over 200 feet (60 m) long. The term auxiliary markings, when used in Items 642 through 647 includes channelizing lines 200 feet (60 m) or shorter, stop lines, crosswalk lines, transverse lines, diagonal lines, curb markings, island markings, symbol markings, parking lot stall markings, lane arrows, and dotted lines.
641.09 Two-Way Radio Communications. If two-way radio equipment is required, furnish and maintain radio equipment necessary for the voice communication between the striper and the inspector’s vehicle at all times during the pavement marking operation. Use equipment capable of transmitting and receiving normal voice communications to at least 4 miles (6 km).
641.10 Removal of Pavement Markings. If specified as a pay item, remove pavement markings. Remove the markings with small handheld grinders or scarifiers or other methods, with the approval of the Engineer. Take care during marking removal not to scar, discolor, or otherwise damage the pavement surface. Do not overpaint or use other methods of covering markings instead of removal.
641.11 Deduction for Deficiency. Each day, the Engineer will compute the amount of marking material (including resin, catalyst, primer, adhesive, or activator) and glass beads applied per unit of measurement. The Department will reduce the contract unit price in direct proportion to the percent of deficiency of marking materials or glass beads as specified in the application subsection of each pavement marking material, up to 20 percent for each material deficient. The Department will only use the greater deficiency of marking materials or glass beads to compute the deduction.
If the deficiency of marking materials or glass beads is 20 percent or more, the Department will consider the work unsatisfactory and require correction according to Items 642, 643, 644 or 646. Long line markings will be measured at ten mile (16.1 km) intervals for long sections or full route length/section as per plan quantities for less then ten mile (16.1 km) sections for determining unsatisfactory sections. Replace all sections determined to be unsatisfactory. Replaced lines will be retraced at the full thickness specified by 642, 643 and 646. Replace unsatisfactory thermoplastic lines to meet the requirements of 644 or apply minimum 30 mils (1.0 mm) additional material to achieve 644.04 application thickness. Material applied without written approval of the Engineer outside the temperature or application speed requirements will be considered unsatisfactory and will be replaced per above. If exception is granted by the Engineer, all such exceptions will be documented.
Furnish glass beads per 642, 643, 644 and 646 in all retraced unsatisfactory lines.
641.12 Method of Measurement. The Department will measure pavement markings complete in place in the units designated. The Department will measure line quantities as the length of completed marking, including the gaps, intersections, and other sections of pavement not normally marked. The Department will measure the removal of pavement markings in the units designated.
641.13 Basis of Payment. The Department will pay for accepted quantities of work performed under Items 642, 643, 644, 645, 646, and 647.
The Department will not pay for costs associated with correcting improperly located lines, replacing reflectors coated with pavement marking material, or replacing unsatisfactory pavement markings.
The Department will not pay for lines placed using non-specification materials.
The Department will not pay for non-specification lines determined through field measurement.
The Department will pay for Two-Way Radio Equipment at the lump sum bid price.