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• Low air entrainment
• Poured late in year (early salting or freezing)

1. Do nothing
2. Seal with a silane sealer
3. Mill surface and place 1 1/4" concrete overlay/inlay (if scaling is severe; more than 1/2" deep)

• Poor quality aggregate (poor freeze/thaw resistance)

1. Do nothing
2. Seal with a silane sealer

• Shrinkage cracking when poured (due to poor curing or high evaporation condtions)
• Expansive forces caused by corroding reinforcing steel
• Abnormal deflection

1. Seal with a silane sealer
2. Treat cracks with a high molecular weight Methacrylate (HMWM)
3. Treat cracks with reactive silicate solution
4. Treat cracks with gravity fed resin

• Expansive forces caused by corroding reinforcing steel (deck sounds hollow)

1. Do nothing if not broken out
2. Sound, sawcut, remove and patch with fast setting patch material

• Advanced corrosion of reinforcing steel

1. Sound perimeter of hole, sawcut and remove back to sound concrete, patch with fast setting concrete patch material (for semi-permanent and if unsound area does not exceed 10% of deck area)
2. Remove unsound material and place hot mix asphalt for temporary repair.
3. If unsound areas exceed 10% of deck area, consider removing entire top surface and place 1 1/4" specialty concrete overlay (microsilica or latex modified)
4. If unsound area exceeds 10% of deck area and if a temporary fix is desired to smooth the deck, remove all unsound concrete, tack deck surface, and place hot mix asphalt over entire surface.

• Advanced corrosion of reinforcing steel or chloride saturated concrete
• Accident damage (steel coil impact, etc...)

1. Place steel plate over hole
2. Remove back to sound concrete, form from underside and place full concrete patch
3. Replace the entire deck