421.01 Description. This work consists of constructing a cold laid polymer modified
emulsified asphalt pavement course to fill ruts or provide a leveling and/or
surface course for existing pavements.
The paving mixture is composed of a polymer modified emulsified asphalt
binder, crushed aggregate, mineral filler, water, and other additives.
421.02 Materials. Use a polymer modified emulsified asphalt binder (Binder) consisting of
the following materials milled together:
A. One hundred percent natural
latex modifier or a synthetic latex modifier conforming to 702.14.
B. CSS-1h emulsified asphalt
conforming to 702.04, except the
cement-mixing test is waived.
C. Other emulsifiers.
Ensure that the Binder has a minimum of 3
percent solids based on the weight of the asphalt binder content of the
Binder. Do not use port addition of the
polymer to the emulsified asphalt.
Ensure that the Binder has a minimum of 62
percent residue when tested according to AASHTO T 59 at 77 °F (25 °C) for 24 hours in a forced draft oven. Ensure that the residue conforms to the
following requirements:
|
Test |
Description |
Specification |
|
AASHTO T 53 |
Softening Point |
60 °C minimum |
|
AASHTO T 202 |
Absolute Viscosity @ 60 °C |
8000 poise minimum |
Provide a
certificate of analysis and a statement of compliance from the manufacturer
with each load of Binder to ensure it is the same formulation used in the mix
design. If the Design Designation for a
project indicates the current year trucks are less than 2000, the Contractor may use
a CSS-1m emulsified asphalt instead of a CSS-1h emulsified asphalt. If used, ensure the CSS-1m emulsified asphalt
conforms to the following:
|
Tests on emulsion, ASTM D 244, unless otherwise designated: |
|
|
Viscosity, Saybolt Furol, ASTM D 88, at 25 °C (sec) |
20 to 100 |
|
Storage Stability Tests, 24-hr (% difference) |
1 maximum |
|
Particle Charge Tests |
Positive |
|
Sieve Tests (%) (Distilled Water) |
0.10 maximum |
|
Distillation to 260 °C, % by Weight, Residue, min[1] |
62 |
|
Tests on distillation residue: |
|
|
Penetration, 25 °C, 100 g, 5 sec (dmm) ASTM D 5 |
70 to 90 |
|
Ductility, 4 °C 5 cm/min, ASTM D 113 |
40 minimum |
|
Elastic Recovery, 4 °C, 10 cm (%)[2] |
65 minimum |
|
Softening Point, Ring & Ball (°C) ASTM D 36 |
60 minimum |
|
[1] ASTM D 244, with modifications to include a 400 °F ± 10 °F (204 °C ± 6 °C) maximum temperature to be held for 15 minutes. |
|
|
[2] Straight molds. Hold at test temperature for 90 minutes. Place in ductilometer and elongate 10 cm at 5 cm/min. Hold for 5 minutes and cut. After 1 hour retract the broken ends to touch and measure the elongation (X) in centimeters. Use the following formula to calculate the elastic recovery:
|
|
Conform to 703.01 and 703.05 for aggregate, except as follows:
|
Percent by weight of fractured pieces |
100 |
|
Sand Equivalence (ASTM D 2419) |
45 minimum |
Conform to Gradation A for the aggregate for leveling and surface courses and to Gradation B for the aggregate for rut fill courses according to the following:
|
Sieve Size |
Total Percent
Passing |
|
|
A |
B |
|
|
3/8 inch (9.50 mm) |
100 |
100 |
|
No. 4 (4.75 mm) |
85 to 100 |
70 to 90 |
|
No. 8 (2.36 mm) |
50 to 80 |
45 to 70 |
|
No. 16 (1.18 mm) |
40 to 65 |
28 to 50 |
|
No. 30 (600 µm) |
25 to 45 |
19 to 34 |
|
No. 50 (300 µm) |
13 to 25 |
12 to 25 |
|
No. 100 (150 µm) |
-- |
7 to 18 |
|
No. 200 (75 µm) |
5 to 15 |
5 to 18 |
Screen the aggregate for oversize material prior to use. For mineral filler, use portland cement conforming to ASTM C 150, Type I. Use water conforming to 499.02. Use mix set additives as required.
421.03 Proportioning. Submit to the Laboratory a sample of the Binder to be used and a complete mix design prepared by an approved laboratory. Verify the compatibility of the aggregate, Binder, mineral filler, and other additives. Make the mix design with the same materials that will be used on the project.
Ensure that the mix design:
A. Has aggregate meeting the gradation specified.
B. Has a residual asphalt by dry weight of aggregate of 7.0 to 8.5 percent for leveling and surface courses or 6.5 to 8.0 percent for rut fill courses.
C. Has a mineral filler content of 0.25 to 3.5 percent by dry weight of aggregate.
D. Meets the specified properties of the following International Slurry Seal Association (ISSA) tests:
|
ISSA Test No. |
Description |
Specification |
|
TB-139 (1-90) |
Wet Cohesion |
|
|
30 minutes min. (set time) |
12 kg-cm min. |
|
|
60 minutes min. (traffic) |
20 kg-cm min or near spin |
|
|
TB-114 (1-90) |
Wet Stripping |
90 percent min. |
|
TB-100 (90) |
Wet Track Abrasion Loss 1-hour soak 6 day soak |
450 g/m2 max. 650 g/m2 max. |
|
TB-144 (2-89) |
Saturated Abrasion Compatibility |
3 g loss max. |
|
TB-113 (1-90) |
Mix Time @ 25 °C |
Controllable to 120 seconds |
|
Mix Time @ 40 °C |
Controllable to 35 seconds |
Check the ISSA TB-139 (set time) and ISSA TB-113 (mix time) tests at the highest temperature expected during construction. For the ISSA TB-113 test at 104 °F (40 °C), preheat all ingredients and containers.
Ensure that the final mix design states the following (all percentages are based on the dry weight of the aggregate):
A. Source of each individual material.
B. Aggregate gradation.
C. Percentage of aggregate.
D. Sand equivalence of the aggregate.
E. Percentage of mineral filler (minimum and maximum).
F. Percentage of water (minimum and maximum).
G. Percentage of mix set additives (if required).
H. Percentage of Binder and type.
I. Quantitative effects of moisture content
on the unit weight of the aggregate.
421.04
Weather Limitations. Apply the mixture only when it is not raining
and the existing pavement surface temperature is a minimum of 40 °F (5 °C) and there is no forecast of an atmospheric
temperature below 32 °F (0 °C) within 24 hours from the time the mixture is applied. Between September 30 and May 1, do not apply
the mixture if the existing pavement surface temperature is less than 50 °F (10 °C).
421.05 Mixing
Equipment. Produce the mixture in a self-propelled, front
feed, continuous loading mixing machine equipped with a conveyer belt aggregate
delivery system and an interconnected positive displacement, water jacketed
gear pump to accurately proportion aggregate and asphalt emulsion.
Locate the mineral filler feed so the proper amount of mineral filler is
dropped on the aggregate before discharge into the pugmill. Provide a spray bar to completely prewet the
aggregate dropping down to the pugmill with additive and water before
introduction of asphalt emulsion. The
twin-shaft, multi-blade pugmill will be a continuous flow type and minimum of
49 inches (1.25 m) long. Ensure that the
blade size and side clearances meet the equipment manufacturer’s
recommendations. Introduce the emulsion
within the first one-third of the mixer length to ensure proper mixing of all
materials before exit from the pugmill.
Equip the
machine with opposite side driving stations to allow full control of the machine
from either side. Equip the mixer with a
remote forward speed control at the back mixing platform so the back operator
can control forward speed and level of mixture in the paving or rut box. Provide material control devices that are
readily accessible and positioned so the amount of each material used can be
determined at any time.
Equip the
mixing machine with a water pressure system and nozzle type spray bar to
provide a water spray ahead of and outside the spreader box when required. Apply water at a rate that will dampen the
surface, but will not create free flowing water ahead of the spreader box.
The
Contractor may use
truck-mounted machines with a conveyer belt aggregate delivery system and
without the front feed, continuous loading feature on project segments of less
than 15,500 square yards (13,000 m2) or on spot repairs.
421.06
Equipment Calibration. Before mix production, calibrate the mixing equipment in the presence of
the Engineer.
Generate documentation for the Engineer, including individual
calibrations of each material at various settings. Perform a new calibration if there is any
change in the mix design. Supply all of
the equipment, materials, and scales necessary to perform the calibration. Following calibration and adjustments for
changes in the mix design, do not make any further calibration adjustments to
the mixing equipment without the Engineer’s approval.
421.07
Spreading Equipment. If a leveling or surface course is specified, apply the mixture
uniformly by means of a conventional spreader box.
If a rut
fill course is specified, apply the mixture with a V-shaped rut filling
spreader box. Equip the rut filling
spreader box with a steel strike-off.
Attach
either type of spreader box to the mixer and equip it with paddles mounted on
an adjustable shaft to continually agitate and distribute the materials
throughout the box. Ensure that the
equipment provides sufficient turbulence to prevent the mix from setting in the
box or causing excessive side build-up or lumps. To prevent loss of the mixture from the box,
attach flexible seals, front and rear, in contact with the road. Operate the spreading equipment in such a
manner as to prevent the loss of the mixture on super-elevated curves.
For surface
courses, attach a secondary strike-off to the spreader.
The
Contractor may use
burlap drags or other drags, if necessary, to obtain the desired finish. Replace drags having excessive build-up.
421.08
Surface Preparation. Before applying the mixture, thoroughly clean the surface.
Apply a
tack coat conforming to Item 407, consisting of one part
asphalt emulsion and three parts water.
Apply the tack coat at a rate of 0.06 to 0.12 gallon per square yard
(0.25 to 0.45 L/m2).
Remove
raised pavement markers according to 621.08. The Contractor may
fill the depression caused by the removal of the casting with material meeting
this specification.
Remove pavement markings and any paint using an
abrasion method. Protect drainage
structures, monument boxes, water valve, etc. during material application.
421.09 Test
Strip. Construct a test strip for the Engineer to
evaluate. Construct this test strip 1000
feet (300 m) long, and include all of the application courses specified. Construct the test strip at the same time of
day or night the full production will be applied. The Contractor may
construct the test strip in 2 days or nights if multiple course applications
are specified.
The
Engineer will
evaluate the completed test strip after 24 hours of traffic to determine if the
mix design is acceptable. The Contractor may
begin full production after the Engineer accepts the test strip.
If the
microsurfacing is not being applied between September 30 and May 1, the
Department will waive the test strip if the Contractor has
constructed a Department approved test strip this construction season with the
same materials and mix design.
421.10
Application. Apply the paving mixture in a manner to fill
cracks, shallow potholes, and minor surface irregularities and achieve a
uniform surface without causing skips, lumps, or tears. Carry a sufficient amount of material at all
times in all parts of the spreader box to ensure complete coverage. Avoid overloading of the spreader box. Do not allow lumping, balling, or unmixed
aggregate in the spreader box.
If a rut
fill course is specified, apply enough material to fill the wheel paths without
excess crowning (overfilling). An excess
crown is defined as 1/8 inch (3 mm) after 24 hours of traffic compaction. Apply rut fill courses in widths from 5 to 6
feet (1.5 to 1.8 m) for each wheel path.
Provide a smooth, neat seam where two rut fill passes meet. Take care to restore the designed profile of
the pavement cross-section. Feather the
edges of the rut fill course to minimize the use of excess material.
If a
leveling course is specified, apply the paving mixture at 14 ± 2 pounds per square yard (7.6 ± 1.1 kg/m2).
If a
surface course is specified and it is placed on another microsurfacing course,
apply the paving mixture at 16 ± 1 pounds per square yard (8.7 ± 0.6 kg/m2). If a surface course is specified and it is
not placed on another microsurfacing course, apply the paving mixture at a
minimum of 18 pounds per square yard (9.8 kg/m2).
For
leveling and surface courses, provide a smooth, neat seam of 1 to 3 inches (25
to 75 mm) where two passes meet.
Immediately remove excess material from the ends of each run.
Construct
surface courses wide enough to cover the outside edges of rut fill and leveling
courses. Maintain straight edge lines
along curbs and shoulders. Do not allow
runoff of these areas. Ensure that lines
at intersections are straight.
Use
squeegees and lutes to spread the mixture in areas inaccessible to the spreader
box and areas requiring hand spreading.
The Contractor may
adjust the mix set additive to provide a slower setting time if hand spreading
is needed. Do not adjust the water
content to adjust the setting time. If
hand spreading, pour the mixture in a small windrow along one edge of the
surface to be covered and spread it uniformly by a hand squeegee or lute.
Ensure that the microsurfacing cures at a
rate that will permit traffic on the pavement within 1 hour after application
without damaging the pavement surface.
However, should the contractor have concerns about adequate cure work
out an arrangement agreeable to the project before releasing traffic on the pavement.
If there is an excessive streaking problem created by high amounts of oversize material in the mix, stop applying the mixture and take steps to correct the streaking problem. Do not resume work until the Engineer is satisfied the problem has been corrected.
If a
section of pavement is not going to be exposed to traffic within 48 hours,
compact it with a pneumatic tire roller after curing. Conform the pneumatic tire roller to 401.13, and inflate the tire pressure to 40 to 60
pounds per square inch (275 to 400 kPa).
421.11
Acceptance. Maintain continuous control of the Binder to dry
aggregate proportioning to conform to the approved mix design within a
tolerance of ±2 gallons per ton (±8.5 L/metric ton). Control the spread rate to not less than the
specified quantity of aggregate per square yard (square meter) on a dry weight
basis.
The Engineer will base
acceptance of the Binder to dry aggregate proportion and spread rate on the
Engineer’s summary of quantities used each day.
The Engineer will approve and accept a day’s application of
microsurfacing provided:
A. The Engineer’s summary indicates conformance with the above control
requirements for proportioning and spread rate and
B. The
pavement is free from excessive scratch marks, tears, rippling and other
surface irregularities, longitudinal joints and lane edges coincide with any
lane lines and edge lines and transverse joints are uniform, neat and provide a
smooth transition.
The spread
rate requirement does not apply to rut fill courses if the Contractor filled
the wheel paths according to this specification.
421.12 Method
of Measurement. The
Department will measure Microsurfacing, Surface Course and Microsurfacing,
Leveling Course by the number of square yards (square meters), complete and
accepted in place. The Department will
base the width of the pavement course on the width shown on the plans,
specified in this specification, or directed by the Engineer. The
Department will measure the length along the centerline of each roadway or
ramp.
The
Department will measure Microsurfacing, Rut Fill Course by the number of tons
(metric tons) of dry aggregate used, complete and accepted in place. The Department will base the weight of the
dry aggregate used on the ticket net weight of individual loads from an
approved scale.
421.13 Basis
of Payment. The cost of tack coat is incidental to Microsurfacing.
The
Department will pay for the construction of accepted test strips at the
individual bid prices for the courses constructed.
The
Department will pay for accepted quantities at the contract prices as follows:
Item unit Description
421 Square Yard Microsurfacing, Surface Course
(Square Meter)
421 Square Yard Microsurfacing, Leveling Course
(Square Meter)
421 Ton (Metric Ton) Microsurfacing, Rut Fill Course