703 AGGREGATE
The
following abbreviations apply:
CCS
Crushed Carbonate Stone.
ACBFS
Air Cooled Blast Furnace Slag
GS
Granulated Slag
RACP
Reclaimed Asphalt Concrete Pavement
RPCC
Recycled Portland Cement Concrete
OH
Open Hearth Slag
EAF
Electric Arc Furnace Slag
BOF
Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag
PCS
Petroleum Contaminated Soil
Pre-qualified
Aggregate Supplier Program (Supplement 1069). Provide
aggregate materials to the Ohio Department of Transportation from pre-qualified
suppliers.
A. Soundness. When the major portion of the unsound material
in a coarse aggregate acquires a mud-like condition when tested for soundness,
ensure that the maximum loss for all uses is 5 percent.
B. Stockpiles. Use stockpiling and loading methods that permit
ready identification of the aggregates and to minimize segregation. Clean
the sites for stockpiles before storing materials. Do not remove
aggregates from stockpiles within 1 foot (0.3 m) of the ground until final cleanup
of the work. Do not use material that has become mixed with foreign
matter, wood or other size or grades of aggregates.
Handle aggregates in
such a manner that the moisture content is reasonably uniform for each day’s
run.
C. Size. Provide aggregate according to the size
specified in the material specification, the construction item, or as shown in AASHTO M 43.
D. Method of Test. Provide aggregate tested by the following
methods:
Amount finer than No. 200
(75 µm) sieve............... S1004
Clay lumps...............................................................
S1017
Coal and
lignite........................................ AASHTO T 113
Crushed
pieces........................................... ASTM D 5821
Deleterious materials................................................
S1029
Effect of organic
impurities on
strength of mortar...................................... AASHTO T 71
Liquid
limit................................................ AASHTO T 89
Percent of wear, Los
Angeles
.... abrasion
test............... AASHTO T 96 or ASTM C 535
Plasticity
index........................................... AASHTO T 90
Sieve
analysis............................................... S1004,
S1005
Sieve analysis of mineral
filler................... AASHTO T 37
Sodium sulfate soundness
test,
.... 5
cycle................................................. AASHTO T 104
Specific Gravity and percent absorption
.... for
fine and coarse aggregate............................... S1031
Unit
weight................................................ AASHTO T 19
Lightweight chert in aggregates............... AASHTO T 113
Sand
equivalent........................................ AASHTO T 176
Uncompacted void content....................... AASHTO T 304
Flat and
elongated....................................... ASTM D 4791
Rapid freezing and thawing.....
ASTM C 666, Procedure B
Insoluble residue of
carbonate
.... aggregates..............................................
ASTM D 3042
Compaction testing of
Unbound Materials............... S1015
In place
gradation sampling...................................... S1090
Sulfur leachate
test.................................................... S1027
Soundness of aggregate by
freezing
.... and
thawing......................................... AASHTO T 103
Micro-Deval............................................
AASHTO T 327
Silicon
Dioxide............................................. ASTM C 146
Sodium sulfate soundness
test,
.... Rock
slabs............................................. ASTM D 5240
E. Steel Slag Aggregate. Provide open-hearth (OH), basic oxygen furnace
(BOF), and electric arc furnace (EAF)
steel slag aggregate (known as steel slag) according to the following
requirements when 703.04 aggregate for asphalt
concrete base or 703.05 aggregate for asphalt
intermediate course is specified. Do not use OH, BOF,
or EAF slag as the fine or coarse aggregate (virgin
or recycled) for asphalt surface courses.
Supply all steel slag
from sources according to Supplement 1071.
Furnish steel slag to a size meeting the specified grading requirements.
Provide steel slag aggregate meeting the specified coarse or fine aggregate
quality requirements. Ensure that measurements of soft
pieces includes soft lime, lime oxide, or magnesia agglomerations or any
foreign materials prone to rapid disintegration under construction processing
and weathering conditions. Ensure that additional testing beyond those
listed are performed or required any time poor quality steel slag is suspected
due to visual inspection, testing, or field performance problems.
Provide a letter of
certification to the Engineer from the steel slag processor for every shipment
of steel slag to the Contractor. In addition the steel slag processor
must provide the Engineer with the following:
Quality control records
(created in accordance with Supplement 1071).
Documentation of the
steel slag production, processing, and stockpile retrieval
Failure to follow the
processor QC plan or continued problems with performance recognized by the
Laboratory attributable to steel slag is cause for limiting steel slag use from
that processor.
F. Restrictions. When an aggregate source is specially
designated with a “SR or SRH” according to Guidelines
for Maintaining Adequate Pavement Friction in Surface Pavements, the
aggregate source will be restricted for use in surface pavement according to
the methods in the guidelines. The document,
Guidelines for Maintaining Adequate Pavement Friction in Surface Pavements,
is available on the OMM website under “Material
Information by Category, Aggregate”, or the Office of Pavement Engineering’s
website.
703.02 Aggregate for Portland Cement Concrete.
1.
Provide fine aggregate consisting of natural sand or sand manufactured from
stone.
2.
Sieve analysis.
Sieve Size |
Total Percent Passing |
3/8 inch (9.5 mm) |
100 |
No.
4 (4.75 mm) |
95 to 100 |
No.
8 (2.36 mm) |
70 to 100 |
No. 16
(1.18 mm) |
38 to 80 |
No. 30 (600
µm) |
18 to 60 |
No. 50 (300
µm) |
5 to 30 |
No. 100 (150 µm) |
0 to 10 |
No. 200 (75 µm) |
0 to 5 |
Should the fineness
modulus of a job control sample of sand from any source vary by more than 0.20
percent from that of the representative sample from that source, the sand may
be rejected.
3.
Physical properties.
|
Maximum |
Loss, sodium sulfate soundness test |
|
Item 305 |
12 % |
Items 255, 256, 451, 452, 511, 515, 519, 526, 602, 611, 608, 609, 610, 622, and 625 |
10 % |
Aggregations of soil, silt, etc. by weight |
0.5 % |
When tested for the
effect of organic impurities on strength of mortar, ensure that the compressive
strength at 3 and 7 days of mortar made with untreated sand is not less than 95
percent of the compressive strength of mortar made with treated sand.
Provide fine
aggregate for Items 255, 256,
451, 452, 526, and 511 deck slabs
with at least 25 percent siliceous particles as determined by the acid
insoluble residue test [ASTM
D3042]. Ensure material has been tested and results are on file at
the Laboratory. For sources not tested and on file at the laboratory,
submit certified test data from an AMRL accredited
independent laboratory verifying the minimum 25 percent.
1. Provide coarse
aggregate consisting of washed gravel, CCS, or crushed ACBFS.
2. Physical properties.
Percent of wear, Los Angeles test, maximum |
40 % |
Unit weight, compacted, minimum (slag) |
70 lb/ft3 (1120 kg/m3) |
Loss, sodium sulfate soundness test, maximum: |
|
Item 305 |
15 % |
Items 255, 256, 451, 452, 511, 519, 526, 602, 611, 608, 609, 610, 622, and 625 |
12 % |
Item 515 |
10 % |
Deleterious
substances shall not exceed the following:
|
Percent by Weight |
|
Material Type |
Super-Structure |
All Other Concrete |
Soft pieces |
2.0 |
3.0 |
Coal and lignite |
0.25 |
1.0 |
Clay lumps |
0.25 |
0.25 |
Pieces having a length greater than 5 times the average
thickness |
15 |
15 |
Shale and shaly material |
0.5 |
1.0 |
Limonitic concretions |
0.5 |
1.0 |
Alkali |
0.5 |
1.0 |
Metallic particles |
0.5 |
1.0 |
Chert, that disintegrates in 5 cycles of
the soundness test |
0.5 |
1.0 |
Additional
requirement for ACBFS aggregate:
Total Sulfur as S, maximum (ASTM C114) |
2.0% |
3.
Amount passing the No. 200 (75 µm) sieve. Ensure that the percent by
weight of material passing the No. 200 (75 µm) sieve in the aggregate
portion of the concrete mix does not exceed the following:
|
Percent by Weight |
|
Material Type |
Super-Structure |
All Other Concrete |
CCS and crushed ACBFS |
3.4 |
3.8 |
Washed gravel |
2.0 |
2.2 |
703.03 Fine Aggregate for Mortar or Grout.
A. Provide fine aggregate
consisting of natural sand or sand manufactured from stone or ACBFS.
B. Sieve Analysis.
|
Natural Sand |
Manufactured Sand |
Sieve Size |
Total Percent Passing |
|
No. 4 (4.75 mm) |
100 |
100 |
No. 8 (2.36 mm) |
95 to 100 |
95 to 100 |
No. 50 (300 µm) |
10 to 40 |
20 to 40 |
No. 100 (150 µm) |
0 to 15 |
10 to 25 |
No. 200 (75 µm) |
0 to 5 |
0 to 10 |
C.
Physical properties.
|
Maximum |
Loss, sodium sulfate soundness test |
10 % |
Aggregations of soil, silt, etc. by weight |
0.5 % |
When tested for the
effect of organic impurities on strength of mortar, ensure that the compressive
strength of mortar made with untreated sand is not less than 95 percent of the
compressive strength of mortar made with treated sand.
703.04 Aggregate for Asphalt Concrete Base (301 and 302).
A.
Provide coarse aggregate for asphalt concrete base used in combination with
rigid pavement consisting of CCS, gravel, or crushed ACBFS.
Provide coarse
aggregate for asphalt concrete base used in flexible pavements consisting of
CCS, gravel (see note [1] in table below), or crushed ACBFS.
Provide fine aggregate for asphalt concrete base consisting of natural sand or
sand manufactured from stone, gravel, or ACBFS.
Crushed Steel Slag (OH, EAF or BOF)
conforming to 703.01.E and 401.03 may be used for coarse and fine
aggregate in asphalt concrete base used in flexible pavements.
B.
Physical properties.
Percent of wear, Los Angeles test, maximum |
50 % |
Unit weight, compacted, minimum (slag) |
65 lb/ft3 (1040 kg/m3) |
Loss, sodium sulfate soundness test, maximum |
15 % |
Percent by weight of fractured pieces |
40 % |
Micro-Deval Abrasion Loss test,
maximum |
22 % [1] |
[1] If the MD value is
greater than the specification limit conform to Supplement 1010. |
Deleterious substances shall
not exceed the following:
Material Type |
Percent by Weight |
Soft pieces |
3.0 |
Coal and lignite |
1.0 |
Clay lumps |
0.25 |
Pieces having a length greater than 5 times the average
thickness |
15 |
Shale and shaly material |
2.5 |
Chert that disintegrates in 5 cycles of
the soundness test |
2.5 |
703.05 Aggregate for Asphalt Concrete (Intermediate
and Surface Courses), Prime Coat (408), Chip Coat (422), and Microsurfacing (421).
1.
Provide fine aggregate consisting of natural sand or sand manufactured from
stone, gravel, ACBFS or, for intermediate courses
only, steel slag (OH, EAF or BOF)
conforming to 703.01.E and 401.03.
2.
Sieve analysis.
Sieve Size |
Total Percent Passing |
3/8 inch (9.5 mm) |
100 |
No. 4 (4.75 mm) |
90 to 100 |
No. 8 (2.36 mm) |
65 to 100 |
No. 16 (1.18 mm) |
40 to 85 |
No. 30 (600 µm) |
20 to 60 |
No. 50 (300 µm) |
7 to 40 |
No. 100 (150 µm) |
0 to 20 |
No. 200 (75 µm) |
0 to 10 |
3.
Physical properties.
|
Maximum |
Loss, sodium sulfate soundness test |
15 % |
Aggregations of soil, silt, etc., by weight |
0.5 % |
1.
Provide coarse aggregate consisting of CCS, crushed ACBFS,
washed gravel, or for intermediate courses only, steel slag (OH, EAF or BOF) conforming to 703.01.E and 401.03.
2. Physical properties.
Percent of wear, Los Angeles test, maximum |
40 % |
Unit weight, compacted, minimum (slag): |
|
Asphalt Concrete, 408 and 422 |
70 lb/ft3 (1120 kg/m3) |
Loss, sodium sulfate soundness test, maximum: |
|
Asphalt Concrete and 422 |
12 % |
421 |
15 % |
Percent by weight of fractured pieces |
40 % |
Micro-Deval Abrasion Loss test,
maximum (for gravel only) |
20 % [1] |
[1] If the MD value is
greater than the specification limit conform to Supplement 1010. |
Deleterious substances shall not exceed the following:
Material Type |
Percent by Weight |
Soft pieces |
3.0 |
Coal and lignite |
1.0 |
Clay lumps |
0.25 |
Amount finer than No. 200 (75 µm) sieve |
3.0 |
Pieces having a length greater than 5 times the average
thickness |
15 |
Shale and shaly material |
2.5 |
Limonitic concretions |
2.5 |
Alkali |
2.5 |
Chert that disintegrates in 5 cycles of
the soundness test |
2.5 |
C. General Requirements
for Fine Aggregate. For fine aggregate calculate each individual
sieve fraction soundness loss and ensure that the fractional size does not exceed
13.0 percent for all surface courses, intermediate courses and any asphalt
concrete course directly below an open graded friction course.
703.06
Sand
Cover (407 and 408).
A.
Furnish sand cover consisting of natural sand or sand manufactured from stone
or ACBFS.
B.
Sieve analysis.
Sieve Size |
Total Percent Passing |
No. 4 (4.75 mm) |
90 to 100 |
No. 50 (300 µm) |
7 to 40 |
No. 200 (75 µm) |
0 to 10 |
A.
Furnish mineral filler consisting of limestone dust, portland cement, or other inert mineral matter.
Ensure the mineral filler is thoroughly dry and free from lumps.
B. Sieve analysis.
Sieve Size |
Total Percent Passing |
No. 30 (600 µm) |
100 |
No. 50 (300 µm) |
95 to 100 |
No. 200 (75 µm) |
65 to 100 |
A.
Furnish Granulated Slag (GS) consisting of glassy,
granular materials formed when molten blast furnace slag or electric-furnace slag
is rapidly chilled, as by immersion in water. The Department may reject
material containing mill waste, cinders, large pieces of ungranulated
slag, or other matter foreign to the production of slag in the normal operation
of the blast furnace or electric furnace.
Furnish
material of such nature that it will compact to the satisfaction of the
Engineer.
B.
Sieve analysis.
Sieve Size |
Total Percent Passing |
2 inch (50 mm) |
100 |
1 inch (25 mm) |
85 to 100 |
No. 100 (150 µm) |
0 to 15 |
A.
Furnish screenings for No. 10 size gravel, stone, or ACBFS.
Where crushed material is specified, ensure that it is crushed from material
larger than the 1/2-inch (12.5 mm) sieve.
B.
Physical properties.
|
Maximum |
Loss, sodium sulfate soundness test |
15 % |
703.11
Structural Backfill for 611 Bedding and Backfill. Furnish
structural backfill for 611 bedding
and backfill consisting of CCS, gravel, natural sand, sand manufactured from
stone, foundry sand, ACBFS, GS,
or RPCC.
Furnish
ACBF Slag according to Supplement 1027.
Furnish
granulated slag according to 703.08.
Do
not use GS for Type 3 Structural Backfill.
The
use of RPCC is permitted without wear testing or
sodium soundness testing requirements if the Contractor provides information
proving the material met this specification at the time of its original
incorporation. The use of RPCC is not permitted
in conjunction with aluminum pipe or aluminum coated steel pipe. Ensure
that the RPCC use does not contain more than two
percent steel.
Reclaimed
asphalt concrete is not allowed for any bedding or backfill materials.
Use
foundry sand if the material meets these requirements and meets the
requirements of the Ohio EPA, Division of Surface Water, Policy
400.007 “Beneficial use of Non-Toxic Bottom Ash, Fly Ash and Spent Foundry Sand
and Other Exempt Waste,” and all other regulations. Ten days
before using foundry sand on the project, submit written permission from the
Ohio EPA to the Engineer. Instead of written permission from the Ohio
EPA, the Contractor may elect to have an independent consultant pre-qualified
by ODOT in remedial design environmental site assessment review the proposed
usage. The consultant will provide all documentation utilized to ensure
that the proposed usage is according to all Ohio EPA regulations. Ensure
that the consultant coordinates all EPA required meetings, documentation, and
testing requirements. Ensure that the consultant certifies this to the
Department.
A.
Structural Backfill Type 1 and 3.
1.
Furnish Type 1 structural backfill that meets the gradations of Items 304, 411, or 617, except 0 to 20 percent may pass the No. 200
sieve. Furnish Type 3 structural backfill that meets the gradations of
Size No. 57 or 67 from Table 703.01-1.
2.
Physical properties.
Percent of wear, Los Angeles test, maximum |
50 % |
Loss, sodium, sulfate soundness test, maximum |
15 % |
Percent by weight of fractured pieces |
90 % |
Deleterious
substances shall not exceed the following:
Material
Type |
Percent by weight |
Shale
and shaly material |
5.0 |
Chert,
that disintegrates in 5 cycles of the soundness test |
5.0 |
Ensure
that the portion of the material passing through the No. 40 (425 µm) sieve has
a maximum liquid limit of 25 and a maximum plasticity index of 6.
Crush
gravel for Type 3 from material retained on the 1/2 inch (12.5 mm) sieve.
B. Structural Backfill
Type 2.
1. Furnish Type 2
structural backfill that meets the gradations of 703.05.A,
703.02.A, or one of the gradations below:
Sieve Size |
Total Percent Passing |
|
2 1/2 inch (63 mm) |
– |
100 |
1 inch (25.0 mm) |
– |
70 to 100 |
3/4 inch (19.0 mm) |
100 |
– |
3/8 inch (9.5 mm) |
80 to 100 |
– |
No. 4 (4.75 mm) |
60 to 100 |
25 to 100 |
No. 8 (2.36 mm) |
45 to 95 |
– |
No. 40 (425 µm) |
– |
10 to 50 |
No. 50 (300 µm) |
7 to 55 |
– |
No. 200 (75 µm) |
0 to 15 |
5 to 15 |
2. Physical properties:
Percent of wear, Los Angeles test, maximum |
50 % |
Loss, sodium sulfate soundness test, maximum |
15 % |
Ensure that the portion
of the material passing through the No. 40 (425 µm) sieve has a maximum liquid
limit of 25 and a maximum plastic index of 6.
703.13 Coarse Aggregate for Items 305, 451 and
452. In addition to the requirements of 703.02,
the following aggregate requirements apply.
When
the total combined quantity of the listed items is greater than 10,000 square
yards (8000 m2), provide size No. 57 or 67 from Table 703.01-1. If the total
combined quantity of the listed items is less than 10,000 square yards (8000 m2),
then provide one of the following sizes from Table 703.01-1:
No. 7, 78, 8, 57, or 67.
If
gravel or limestone No. 57 or 67 size is selected in
either of the above cases, then ensure that the coarse aggregate incorporated
into the concrete is tested according to ASTM C 666, Procedure
B. Ensure that the area generated under the curve obtained by plotting
the expansions of test specimens verses the number of test cycles does not
exceed 2.05 at 350 or less cycles.
Ensure that the
validity of results of freeze thaw-resistance testing is as outlined below:
Range of Area under Curve[1] |
Status of Source Approval |
0.00 to 1.00 |
Valid for two years from date approved[2] |
1.01 to 2.05 |
Valid for one year from date approved[2] |
2.06 to 4.00 |
Not Approved, one retest allowed[3] |
> 4.00 |
Not Approved, no retesting allowed[3] |
[1] As measured at 350
cycles. |
|
[2] If a notable change in
the properties of the aggregate originating from the affected source is
determined from quality control testing, a retest of freeze-thaw resistance
may be requested before the original expiration date. The Laboratory
will make the determination to retest. |
|
[3] Except as noted, the Department will not retest
the material unless the producer of the material sends a written request to
the Department with substantiation that significant changes in operation have
been made (e.g., new processing equipment, material from a new ledge, etc.). |
The
Laboratory will maintain a list of approved sources.
703.14 Non Pavement Open-Hearth, Electric Arc Furnace, and Basic
Oxygen Furnace Steel Slag Aggregate Use. Provide steel slag
according to the following requirements.
1.
Non-confined Applications. When using OH, EAF,
and BOF slag in applications where the steel slag
will not be confined, ensure that the slag meets the requirements in 703.14.A
(deleterious substances and crushing), and in 703.14.B
(aging and stockpiling requirements). Recycled steel slag from
Department or non-Department projects may be used in applications where the
recycled steel slag will not be confined.
2.
Confined Applications. When using OH, EAF, and BOF slag in applications where the steel slag will be
confined, ensure the steel slag meets all requirements of 703.14. The use of recycled steel slag from
Department or non-Department projects is not allowed in confined applications.
A. Deleterious Substances (soft pieces). Deleterious substances include soft lime, lime
oxide, or magnesia agglomerations or any foreign materials prone to rapid
disintegration under construction processing and weathering conditions.
Furnish steel slag
with less than 3 percent deleterious substances (soft pieces) by weight. The
Department will use Supplement 1029
(hand crushing of soft pieces) to determine the soft pieces.
Crushing of steel
slag is not allowed.
B. Aging and Stockpiling Requirements. Stockpile and age all steel slag as follows:
1. Grade and
stockpile the material into maximum size piles of 25,000 ton (23,000 metric
tons). Before and during the stockpiling operation, add water to these
materials to provide a uniform moisture content not
less than their absorbed moisture. Ensure that the stockpile is maintained in a
moist condition during the required stockpiling period.
2. Ensure that the
producer mixes the stockpile when the outside surface of the pile has crusted
over. The Department will inspect the stockpile every 2 months to ensure no
crusting occurs. Do not mix frozen stockpile material. Suspend the aging period
when the stockpile is frozen for more than one month.
3. Ensure that this
aging period is at least 6 months in duration and starts over if any new
material is added to the pile during the aging period.
C. Identification of Steel Slag. Clear, definitive, and undisputable identification
of the proposed material being steel slag is required.
The producer will
show the Department evidence that the material supplied is steel slag. This
information will consist of, but is not limited to, the following:
1.
Steel producer.
2.
Production dates.
3.
Production rates.
4.
Stockpiling dates.
5.
Type of steel furnace(s).
6.
All known Department and non-Department projects where the material was
previously used.
This identification
of steel slag and the source may be supplemented by other information approved
by the Department or by using 10 years of good performance data. Ensure that
the producer submits to the Department projects where the steel slag has been
used without expansion or tufa problems. The Department will review the above
projects as part of the identification approval process.
D. Tufa Performance Verification of Steel
Slag. Tufa is a precipitate form of
calcium carbonate that can clog up the underdrain
systems. Some steel slag sources clog up underdrain
systems and some do not. Tufa performance verification is based on field
performance and Department’s inspection of the underdrain
systems.
Tufa performance
verification is required.
Ensure that the
producer submits past projects that are at least 10 years old that used the
proposed steel slag source to the Department. The Department may consider
projects that are less than 10 years old for tufa performance verification if
it can be determined by the Department that the age of the steel slag
incorporated in the project was 10 years old or greater. Ensure the producer supplies
the Department with construction plans with the underdrains
and underdrain outlets marked on the plans, or other
suitable method, approved by the Department, showing the underdrain
system. Ensure the producer marks the underdrain
outlets in the field for inspection. The Department will inspect the underdrain systems for tufa deposits. If tufa deposits are
found in the outlets or in the underdrain system, the
Department will reject the steel slag source.
E. Expansion Testing of Steel Slag. After the aging and stockpiling requirements are
met, expansion testing is required for steel slag.
Perform expansion
testing according to Pennsylvania
Department of Transportation PTM No. 130, the
ODOT equivalent to this test or expansion testing acceptable to the Department.
Ensure that the
producer hires an independent AASHTO accredited and
Department approved laboratory to perform at least half of the expansion testing.
At the producer’s option, up to half of the required expansion testing may be
performed by the producer’s laboratory. The Laboratory will observe the
expansion testing and approve each independent and producer laboratory.
Perform expansion
testing for every 2500 tons (2300 metric tons) or fraction thereof of the
material stockpiled in accordance with 703.14.B.
For steel slag less than 10 years old, retain a spilt portion of the expansion
sample. Reduce the split sample to 5 lbs (2500 g) and
test for total percent MgO by X-Ray
florescence and total percent periclase (hard burned MgO) by X-Ray diffraction.
The maximum allowable
total expansion for each test is less than 0.50 percent. If any one test fails
in the stockpile, the Department will reject the entire stockpile.
When sampling for
expansion, ensure that the producer notifies the Department at least 48 hours
before the sampling. The Department will verify that the sample came from the
correct stockpile and take independent split samples, if required.
Submit the expansion
test data and a suitably presented summary of the expansion test data to the
Department for approval. Submit X-Ray florescence and X-Ray diffraction data to
the Department. The Department reserves the right to perform independent
testing to verify the laboratory results at any time.
The Department
expansion test data takes precedence over the producer or independent
laboratory expansion testing results in the event of a conflict. The Department
will make the final determination on all conflicting data.
If the material fails
the expansion testing, then stockpile the material for a minimum of two
additional months from the date of last sampling and retest for expansion. Only
materials that pass the expansion test are approved for use.
703.16 Suitable Materials for Embankment Construction. Natural
soil, natural granular material, granular material types, slag material, brick,
shale, rock, random material, RACP, RPCC, or PCS as further defined below are suitable for use
in embankment construction. The Engineer will submit samples of soils not
identified from the plan subsurface investigation, from borrow sources or
materials appearing questionable in the field.
Furnish
ACBFS according to Supplement 1027.
Furnish
RPCC with the reinforcing steel cut to a maximum
length of 1 inch (25 mm) outside the pieces.
Ensure
that pieces of RACP do not exceed 4 inches
(100 mm) in the largest dimension.
Furnish
steel slag according to 703.14.
When
using steel slag, RPCC, or RACP,
completely blend it with at least 30 percent natural soil or natural granular
material.
When
using coal, completely blend it with natural soil or natural granular
materials. Make at least 90 percent of the blend natural soil or natural
granular materials.
A. Natural Soils. Furnish natural soils as defined in 203.02.I and classified as Department
Group Classifications A-4-a, A-4-b, A-6-a, A‑6‑b, and A-7-6 as
further defined below: Furnish soils with a maximum dry density of at
least 90 pounds per cubic foot (1450 kg/m3).
Do not use soils
having a liquid limit in excess of 65 or soils identified as Department Group
Classifications A-5, or A-7-5 in the work.
B. Granular Embankment Materials. Furnish natural granular materials as defined
in 203.02.H and classified as
Department Group Classifications A-1-a, A-1-b, A-3, A-3-a, A-2-4, A-2-6, or
A-2-7.
Do not use granular
material classified as A-2-5.
C. Granular Material Types. Furnish CCS, gravel, ACBFS,
durable sandstone, durable siltstone, GS, or blended
natural soil or natural granular materials blended with OH, BOF,
EAF, or RPCC as detailed
above. Furnish durable sandstone and siltstone with a slake durability
index greater than 90 percent according to ASTM D 4644.
Except for GS, furnish the following gradations for the granular
material types, by weight:
1.
Granular Material, Type A. Furnish material having less than 25 percent
by weight of the grains or particles passing the No. 200 (75 µm) sieve.
2.
Granular Material Type B. For Item 204, furnish the gradation of Items
304, 411, or 617. For Item 203, furnish the gradation of Items 304, 411,
or 617 except 0 to 20 percent will be allowed to pass the No. 200 (75 μm) sieve.
3.
Granular Material Type C. Furnish well graded material that meets the
following gradation:
Sieve Size |
Total Percent Passing |
3 inch (75 mm) |
100 |
2 inch (50 mm) |
70 to 90 |
1/2 inch (12.5 mm) |
30 to 60 |
No. 200 (75 µm) |
0 to 13 |
4.
Granular Material Type D. Furnish the gradation of 100 percent passing
the 8 inch (200 mm) sieve, less than 60 percent passing the 3 inch (76 mm)
sieve, less than 40 percent passing the 3/4 inch (19 mm) sieve, and 0 to 20
percent passing the No. 200 (75 µm) sieve.
5.
Granular Material Type E. Furnish any of the coarse aggregates from No. l
through 67 inclusive on Table 703.01-1.
6. Granular Material
Type F. Furnish material according to the following:
a.
Well graded material.
b.
A gradation with a top size from 8 inches (200 mm) to 3 inches (76 mm) and
a bottom size of No. 200 (75 µm) sieve.
c.
An evenly graded material between the top and bottom size.
d. Compactable, stable,
and serves the intended use.
D. Shale. Furnish shale as defined in 203.02 and as further defined below.
Ensure that the shale is tested for durability to determine whether the shale
is durable or nondurable shale. Test the shale according to the following
procedure:
1.
Obtain a piece of shale that is typical and representative of the rest of the
shale. The size of the piece should be about 6 inches (150 mm). If
a 6-inch (150 mm) sample is not available, then the shale is nondurable.
2.
Place the piece of shale in a bucket of water. Examine the deterioration
or slaking of the shale after 48 hours. If the shale has deteriorated,
then the shale is nondurable.
3.
If the shale has not deteriorated after being in water for 48 hours, then break
down the shale over a 3/4 inch (19.0 mm) sieve by hand pressure. If 75
percent or less of the shale is retained on the 3/4 inch (19.0 mm), then the
shale is nondurable.
4.
If more than 75 percent of the shale is retained on the 3/4 inch (19.0 mm)
sieve or, then perform a field test for durability. The field test for
durability consists of compacting the shale with six
passes of a steel drum roller which has a minimum compaction force of 500
pounds per lineal inch (57 kN/mm) of roller drum
width. Provide documentation to the Engineer to verify the roller meets
the compaction force requirement.
a.
If more than 40 percent of the shale breaks down, by visual inspection, then
the shale is nondurable.
b.
If less than 40 percent of the shale breaks down, by visual inspection, then
the shale is durable.
703.17 Aggregate Materials for 304. Furnish
aggregate that is CCS, crushed gravel, crushed ACBFS,
GS, or steel slag.
Furnish
GS according to the requirements of 703.08.
Furnish
steel slag according to 703.14
Furnish
ACBFS according to Supplement 1027.
Determine
aggregate acceptance before incorporation into the work based on samples taken
from stockpiles.
A. Furnish CCS, crushed
gravel, crushed ACBFS, and steel slag that meets the following gradation:
Sieve Size |
Total Percent Passing |
2 inch (50 mm) |
100 |
1 inch (25.0 mm) |
70 to 100 |
3/4 inch (19.0 mm) |
50 to 90 |
No. 4 (4.75 mm) |
30 to 60 |
No. 30 (600 µm) |
9 to 33 |
No. 200 (75 µm) |
0 to 15 [1] |
[1] Furnish steel slag that has 0 to 10 percent
passing through the No. 200 (75µm) sieve |
Furnish gravel used
under Item 304 that is crushed from material
retained on the 1/2 inch (12.5 mm) sieve.
B. Furnish CCS, crushed gravel, ACBFS, and steel slag that meets
the physical property requirements:
Percent of wear, Los Angeles test, maximum |
50 % |
Loss, sodium sulfate soundness test, maximum |
15 % |
Percent by weight of fractured pieces |
90 % [1] |
[1] Does not apply to steel slag |
|
Ensure deleterious substances
in CCS, crushed gravel, and ACBFS do not exceed the
following:
Material Type |
Percent by weight |
Shale and shaly material |
5.0 |
Chert, that disintegrates in 5 cycles of
the soundness test |
5.0 |
Except for GS, ensure that the portion of the material passing through
the No. 40 (425 µm) sieve has a maximum liquid limit of 25 and a maximum
plasticity index of 6.
703.18 Materials for Items 410, 411, and
617.
Furnish CCS, gravel, ACBFS, GS,
OH slag, BOF slag, EAF
slag, RPCC, or RACP for
materials.
If
RPCC and RACP are used,
provide the following information:
1.
Specification item that the material was originally constructed under.
2.
The applicable material requirements of the original construction item.
If
the original construction requirements meet or exceed the requirements of this
specification, then the shale, sodium soundness and Los Angeles abrasion test
for RACP and RPCC may be
waived. The plastic index and clay requirements are not required for RACP. Use RPCC that is free
of steel.
Furnish
OH, BOF, and EAF slag
according to 703.14
Use
ACBFS according to Supplement 1027.
Furnish
GS according to 703.08.
A. Gradations. Furnish for Items 617,
410, and 411 RACP materials according to the following gradation:
Sieve Size |
Total Percent Passing |
1 1/2 inch (37.5 mm) |
100 |
3/4 inch (19.0 mm) |
80 to 100 |
3/8 inch (9.5 mm) |
60 to 90 |
No. 4 (4.75 mm) |
30 to 90 |
No. 30 (600 µm) |
3 to 20 |
Except for GS and RACP, use the following
gradations for Items 410, 411,
and 617.
Furnish materials for Item 410
according to one of the following gradations:
Sieve Size |
Type A |
Type B |
Type C |
Total Percent Passing |
|
||
1 1/2 inch (37.5 mm) |
100 |
100 |
Size No. 4 or 57 from Table |
1 inch (25.0 mm) |
90 to 100 |
75 to 100 |
|
3/4 inch (19.0 mm) |
60 to 100 |
60 to 100 |
|
3/8 inch (9.5 mm) |
40 to 60 |
35 to 75 |
|
No. 4 (4.75 mm) |
15 to 30 |
30 to 60 |
Do not use RACP for Type C material.
Furnish materials for Item 411
according to the following gradation:
Sieve Size |
Total Percent Passing |
1 1/2 inch (37.5 mm) |
100 |
1 inch (25.0 mm) |
75 to 100 |
3/4 inch (19.0 mm) |
60 to 100 |
3/8 inch (9.5 mm) |
35 to 75 |
No. 4 (4.75 mm) |
30 to 60 |
No. 30 (600 µm) |
7 to 30 |
No. 200 (75 µm) |
3 to 15 |
Furnish materials for
Item 617 according to the following gradation:
Sieve Size |
Total Percent Passing |
1 inch (25.0 mm) |
100 |
3/4 inch (19.0 mm) |
60 to 100 |
3/8 inch (9.5 mm) |
35 to 75 |
No. 4 (4.75 mm) |
30 to 60 |
No. 30 (600 µm) |
9 to 33 |
No. 200 (75 µm) |
0 to 15 |
|
Item |
Item |
Item |
Percent of wear, Los Angeles test, maximum |
50 % |
– |
– |
Loss, sodium sulfate soundness test, maximum |
– |
15 % |
– |
Percent by weight of fractured pieces |
– |
– |
90 % |
Gravel used, portion retained on a No. 4 (4.75 mm)
sieve (one or more faces) minimum crushed |
– |
40 % |
– |
Maximum plasticity index of material passing No. 40
(425 µm) sieve |
– |
6 |
– |
Deleterious substances shall not exceed the following:
Material Type |
Percent by weight |
||
Item |
Item |
Item |
|
Shale and shaly material |
– |
5 % [1] |
12 % |
Clay |
10 % |
– |
– |
[1] Where the major portion of
the material in a coarse aggregate, from a source on record at the
Laboratory, has shown the characteristics of acquiring a mud-like condition
when tested for soundness, test it for soundness and ensure that the maximum
loss is 5 percent. |
703.19
Rock and Aggregate Materials for Item 601.
A. Crushed Aggregate Slope Protection and
Filter Aggregate for Dump Rock Fill. Furnish crushed gravel,
limestone, sandstone, RPCC, ACBFS,
OH slag, BOF slag, or EAF
slag for crushed aggregate slope protection and filter aggregate for dump rock
fill.
Use ACBFS slag according to Supplement 1027.
Use OH, BOF, and EAF slag according to 703.14
Furnish Size No. 1 or 2 from Table 703.01-1, or according to the following gradation
for crushed aggregate slope protection:
Sieve Size |
Total Percent Passing |
4 inch (100 mm) |
100 |
3 1/2 inch (90 mm) |
90 to 100 |
2 1/2 inch (63 mm) |
25 to 90 |
1 1/2 inch (37.5 mm) |
0 to 25 |
3/4 inch (19.0 mm) |
0 to 10 |
For a filter for rock
channel protection, use Size No. 3 or 4 from Table 703.01-1.
Physical properties.
Percent of wear, Los Angeles Test, maximum |
50 % |
Loss, sodium sulfate soundness test, maximum |
15 % |
Percent by weight of fractured pieces |
90 % |
Loss for RPCC, AASHTO T 103 Soundness of Aggregates by Freezing and
Thawing |
20 % [1] |
[1] Use Method C using 25
cycles. |
|
B. Dumped Rock Fill and Rock Channel
Protection. Furnish gravel,
broken recycled portland
cement concrete (RPCC), broken sandstone, broken
siltstone, and broken limestone for dumped rock fill and rock channel
protection. Furnish sandstone, siltstone, and limestone that is free of laminations, seams, and fractures, or injury due
to blasting.
Except for RPCC, test for soundness according to ASTM D 5240. Use
materials having a maximum 30 percent single slab loss and a maximum 20 percent
cumulative loss. Slab heights and lengths will be a minimum of 8 inches.
For RPCC, test for soundness according to AASHTO T 103 as stated in 703.18.A.
The Department may
waive testing when the stone source has a known durability history.
Do not use thin, slab-like
pieces, or any pieces having a dimension larger than 36 inches (1 m). Do
not use RPCC with reinforcing steel protruding more
than 1 inch (25 mm) beyond the outside surface of the concrete pieces.
Furnish dumped rock
fill and rock channel protection materials consisting of the four material
types defined below:
1.
Type A material has at least 85 percent of the total material by weight larger
than an 18-inch (0.5 m) but less than a 30-inch (0.8 m) square opening and at
least 50 percent of the total material by weight larger than a 24-inch (0.6 m)
square opening. Furnish material smaller than an 18-inch (0.5 m) square
opening that consists predominantly of rock spalls and rock fines, and that is
free of soil.
2.
Type B material has at least 85 percent of the total material by weight larger
than a 12-inch (0.3 m) but less than a 24-inch (0.6 m) square opening and at
least 50 percent of the total material by weight larger than an 18-inch (0.5 m)
square opening. Furnish material smaller than a 12-inch (0.3 m) square
opening that consists predominantly of rock spalls and rock fines, and that is
free of soil.
3.
Type C material has at least 85 percent of the total material by weight larger
than a 6-inch (150 mm) but less than an 18-inch (0.5 m) square opening and at
least 50 percent of the total material by weight larger than a 12-inch (0.3 m)
square opening. Furnish material smaller than a 6-inch (150 mm) square
opening that consists predominantly of rock spalls and rock fines, and that is
free of soil.
4.
Type D material has at least 85 percent of the total material by weight larger
than a 3-inch (75 mm) but less than a 12-inch (0.3 m) square opening and at
least 50 percent of the total material by weight larger than a 6-inch (150 mm)
square opening. Furnish material smaller than a 3-inch (75 mm) square
opening that consists predominantly of rock spalls and rock fines, and that is
free of soil.